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新疆夏季暴雨精细化特征分析 被引量:10

Analysis on Fine-Scale Characteristics of Summer Rainstorm in Xinjiang
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摘要 使用2013—2019年901个自动气象站逐小时降水资料,分析了新疆夏季暴雨的精细化特征,得到以下结论:新疆的暴雨日数总体呈北疆多,南疆少,山区多,平原少的特征;除天山山区中段外,南疆东南部昆仑山北坡的部分区域也是新疆暴雨高发区。7月(8月)新疆暴雨日数最多(少),短时强降水事件在暴雨中出现的比例也最高(低),以局地对流性暴雨(区域系统性暴雨)为主。新疆75.3%的站点在暴雨日中都出现过短时强降水事件,短时强降水事件在年平均暴雨日数不足1天的区域高发,在暴雨日数较多的区域出现的比例反而较低。短时强降水事件在暴雨日中出现的比例还随海拔高度的降低而增加,海拔低于500 m的站点在暴雨日中出现短时强降水事件的比例超过85%。北疆博尔塔拉州、克拉玛依市、塔城地区北部、阿勒泰地区西部暴雨的“日雨”特征显著,暴雨日的平均降水时数短,短时强降水事件的发生比例高,区域平均的累计降水量、降水频次和平均降水强度的峰值时段均出现在下午至傍晚前后,以对流性暴雨为主;伊犁河谷至北疆沿天山一带和天山山区暴雨日的平均降水时数长,短时强降水事件的发生比例低,累计降水量和降水频次的峰值时段出现在夜间至上午;平均降水强度的峰值出现在傍晚至前半夜,以系统性暴雨为主;南疆暴雨的日变化特征比北疆复杂,暴雨的降水性质也更为复杂。 On the basis of a quality controlled hourly rainfall dataset from 901 automatic weather stations(AWS)in 2013-2019,the fine-scale characteristics of summer rainstorm in Xinjiang are analyzed.The results show that the rainstorm days in northern Xinjiang are more than in southern Xinjiang,and the rainstorm days in mountain areas are more than in plains.In addition to the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains,parts of the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains in the southeastern part of southern Xinjiang also have rains frequently.In July(August),rainstorm days in Xinjiang are the most(fewest),and the proportion of short-time severe precipitation is the highest(lowest).In July,local convective rainstorm is the major event while in August regional systematic rainstorm is dominant.In Xinjiang,75.3%of the stations had short-time severe precipitation during the heavy rain periods.The short-time severe precipitation events occurred frequently in the regions where the annual average number of heavy rain days was less than one day,but the regions with more heavy rain days were not hit by short-time severe precipitation very often.The proportion of short-time severe precipitation events in heavy rainfall periods in Xinjiang increases with the decrease of altitude,exceeding 85%stations below 500 m.The“daytime rain”characteristics of heavy rain in Bortala,Karamay,northern Tacheng and western Altay of northern Xinjiang are noticeable.The average rainfall time of the above-mentioned regional rainstorm days is short,and the occurrence percentage of short-time heavy rainfall events is high.The peaks of the regional average accumulated precipitation,frequency and average intensity of convective rainstorm often appear from afternoon to early evening.The average rainfall hours of rainstorm days in the Ili River Valley and the northern slope of Tianshan are more,but the short-time severe precipitation is at a low proportion.The peaks of accumulated precipitation and frequency often occur from night to morning,while the peak value of the average precipitation intensity appears from evening to the first half of the night,dominated by the systematic rainstorm.The diurnal variation of rainstorm in southern Xinjiang is more complicated than that in northern Xinjiang.
作者 杨霞 周鸿奎 赵逸舟 唐震 赵克明 YANG Xia;ZHOU Hongkui;ZHAO Yizhou;TANG Zhen;ZHAO Keming(Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002;Xinjiang Meteorological Information Centre,Urumqi 830002;Xinjiang Meteorological Service,Urumqi 830002;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072)
出处 《气象》 CSCD 北大核心 2021年第12期1501-1511,共11页 Meteorological Monthly
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(42065001、42030612) 高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(SZKT201905)共同资助。
关键词 暴雨 精细化特征 短时强降水 日变化 新疆 rainstorm fine-scale characteristic short-time svere precipitation event diurnal variation Xinjiang
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