郑品麦24号的遗传构成及重要性状功能基因组成解析

Genetic Component and Important Traits Gene Composition of New Wheat Variety Zhengpinmai 24

利用小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)50K SNP育种芯片,对2018年通过河南省审定的小麦品种郑品麦24号及其父母本进行分子标记检测,明确该品种遗传构成、重要性状功能基因组成,为其遗传改良和生产应用提供参考。结果表明,郑品麦24号82.40%的遗传物质来源于父本豫同194,遗传相似系数为0.907,它们之间遗传相似度更高;在染色体水平,双亲对郑品麦24号的遗传贡献率差异较大,在2A(56.10%)和3D(70.98%)染色体上母本豫麦34-6对郑品麦24号的遗传贡献率大于豫同194,豫同194在其他染色体上对郑品麦24的遗传贡献率更高,表明在郑品麦24号选育过程中受人工选择的影响亲本遗传物质发生了严重偏分离。重要性状功能基因组成分析发现,郑品麦24号携带有应用广泛的矮秆(Reduced height)基因Rht-D1b,聚合了9个高粒质量等位基因[谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase)基因TaGS5-A1b、TaGS2B1-Hap-H、TaGS-D1a,粒质量(Grain weight)基因GW2-6B-Hap-1,千粒质量(Thousand grain weight)基因TaTGW6-A1a、TaTGW-7Aa,蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthetase)基因TaSus1-7B-Hap-T、TaSus2-2A-Hap-A、TaSus2-2B-Hap-H],含有冬性春化(Vernalization)等位基因Vrn-A1b、vrn-B1、VrnD3-2174,晚花型等位基因TaELF3-B1(Early flowering 3 B1)Cadenza类型、TaELF3-D1 Wild类型,光周期(Photoperiod)敏感等位基因Ppd-A1 Wild类型、TaPpdDD002 Wild类型、TaPpdDI001Insertion类型,抗叶锈病(Leaf rust)基因Lr67,抗秆锈病(Stem rust)基因Sr2、Sr25,抗旱等位基因TaDREB-B1a(Dehydration responsive element binding protein B1a)和低穗发芽等位基因TaSdr-A1a(Seed dormancy A1a)。

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) 50 K SNP breeding chip was used to detect Zhengpinmai24 approved by Henan Province in 2018 and its patents,and the genetic component and important traits gene composition of Zhengpinmai 24 was studied,so as to provide reference for genetic improvement and production application. The results showed that 82. 40% of genetic material of Zhengpinmai 24 was derived from the male parent Yutong 194,and there was higher genetic similarity with genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 907 between them. At the chromosome level,the genetic contribution rate of parents to Zhengpinmai 24 was quite different,the genetic contribution rates from the female parent Yumai 34-6 to Zhengpinmai 24 were 56. 10% and 70. 98% on chromosomes 2 A and 3 D respectively,which were higher than those from Yutong 194,and the genetic contribution rates from Yutong 194 to Zhengpinmai 24 were higher than those from Yumai 34-6 on the other chromosomes. These indicated that the genetic material of the parents was severely partially segregated by artificial selection during the breeding of Zhengpinmai24. Zhengpinmai 24 contained widely used reduced height gene Rht-D1 b,and aggregated 9 high-grain weight or grain-weight favorable alleles, such as glutamine synthetase genes TaGS5-A1 b,TaGS2 B1-Hap-H and TaGS-D1 a,grain weight gene GW2-6 B-Hap-1,thousand-grain weight genes TaTGW6-A1 a and TaTGW-7 Aa,sucrose synthetase genes TaSus1-7 B-Hap-T,TaSus2-2 A-Hap-A and TaSus2-2 B-Hap-H. Zhengpinmai 24 also contained vernalization alleles Vrn-A1 b,vrn-B1 and VrnD3-2174,late flowering type alleles TaELF3-B1(early flowering 3 B1)cadenza type and TaELF3-D1 wild type,photoperiod sensitive alleles Ppd-A1 wild type,TaPpdDD002 wild type and TaPpdDI001 insertion type,rust resistance genes Lr67,Sr2 and Sr25,favorable drought resistance genes TaDREB-B1 a(dehydration responsive element binding protein B1 a),and low ear germination allele TaSdr-A1 a(seed dormancy A1 a).