马铃薯类胡萝卜素研究进展

Research Progress in Potato Carotenoids

马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,也是重要的粮菜兼用经济作物,对保障国家粮食安全、丰富菜篮子和增加农民收入意义重大。自然界中马铃薯的薯肉颜色呈现出从白色到奶油色、黄色到橙色以及红色到紫色等颜色的变化,而类胡萝卜素物质作为天然着色剂,是形成黄色、橙色、红色的主要色素物质,具有重要的生物学功能,不仅对马铃薯生长发育过程中块茎的颜色变化具有重要作用,而且还会影响其营养品质及商品价值。近几年,马铃薯遗传育种的目标正向着改善块茎的营养品质方向发展,高类胡萝卜素含量马铃薯品种的培育逐渐成为育种的重要方向。概述了马铃薯种质(包括栽培种四倍体和野生种二倍体)中所含类胡萝卜素的种类和含量、类胡萝卜素合成代谢途径中关键基因〔包括β-羟化酶(Chy)、玉米黄质环氧化酶(zep)、番茄红素ε-环化酶基因(LCYe)〕的克隆及其等位基因和单倍型的功能分析、利用常规育种和基因强化等手段提高马铃薯类胡萝卜素含量等方面的研究进展,并从马铃薯类胡萝卜素合成代谢途径调控基因的鉴定和富含高类胡萝卜素含量的野生型二倍体资源的利用方面展望马铃薯类胡萝卜素的研究方向,对今后马铃薯类胡萝卜素合成代谢相关基因调控表达调控、马铃薯高类胡萝卜素品种选育以及马铃薯营养品质改良改善方面的研究具有重要意义。

Potato is the fourth largest grain crop in China,and is also an important cash crop for both food and vegetable use.It is of great significance for guaranteeing national food security,enriching vegetable basket and increasing farmers’income.Potato flesh color in nature presents the changes from white to cream,yellow to orange,and red to purple,while carotenoids,as natural colorants,are the main pigment materials to form yellow,orange or red colors.with important biological functions.They not only play an important role in tuber color change during potato growth and development,but also affect its nutritional quality and commercial value.In recent years,the goal of potato genetics and breeding is developing towards improving the nutritional quality of tubers,and the cultivation of potato varieties with high carotenoid content has gradually become an important direction of breeding.This review provides an overview of the varieties and contents of carotenoids from potato germplasm including cultivated tetraploids and wild diploid,cloning and functional analysis of alleles and haplotypes of key genes〔β-carotene hydroxylase(Chy),zeaxanthin cyclooxygenase(zep),lycopeneε-cyclooxygenase(LCYe)〕in carotenoid synthesis and metabolism pathway and the improvement of potato carotenoid content by conventional breeding and fortifying methods;and the identification of key regulation genes of potato carotenoid pathway and the utilization of wild type diploid resources of potato carotenoid is prospected.It is of great significance for the research on the regulation and expression of genes related to potato carotenoid synthesis and metabolism,the breeding of potato varieties with high carotenoids and the improvement of potato nutritional quality in the future.