二层结构的流域生态调度研究Ⅰ:方法与模型

Study on the integrated riverbasin ecological operationon based on Two-layer structureⅠ:Methodology and Model

针对现有生态调度研究和实践以工程为中心、流域水量调控考虑不足的问题,提出在水量调控基础上进行工程调度的二层结构流域生态调度模型。模型上层先模拟水资源配置决策下的径流过程、水利工程入流以及供水结果,以此为目标和约束条件优化工程调度规则,作为下层水利工程调度的依据,实现符合总体水量决策下的流域整体生态调度。根据影响河道水量过程的决策因素,从社会经济需求控制、水源开发利用和工程运行调度三方面分析流域生态调度调控措施,按照经济生态逐步协调均衡的原则提出从现状模式到综合模式的方案设计方法,形成流域生态调度的整体方法和模型。

Current research and practice of ecological operation are concentrated on hydraulic facilities,especially reservoirs,while lack of consideration on the effect of water resources development and allocation.A two-layer structure ecological operation model for integrated ecological operation at river basin scale is put forward,therefore,to combine the water exploitation and the operation of hydraulic facilities.The upper layer of the model simulates the process of water movement at river basin scale based on conceptualized water resources system,including the runoff of the rivers,inflow and water supply of reservoirs.The operation rules of specific reservoirs are optimized based on the inflow and water supply provided by the upper layer model,then utilized in second layer model for reservoirs operation.The operation for ecology is adaptable for the river basin with joint effect and interaction of water allocation and reservoirs’operation.Considering the demands of water resources management,the factors involved in ecological operation are classified in terms of three aspects,i.e.,control of water demand under socio-economic development,utilization of various water sources and operation of hydraulic facilities.The three-dimensional approach of scenarios design,comprised of scenarios with different preferences,is proposed under the principle of balanced economy and ecology.The model and scenario setting contributes jointly for comprehensive pattern for ecological operation at river basin level.