基于“知-意-行”结构的中国河流开发与保护公众调查

Public survey on the river protection and development among Chinese citizens based on the structure of“knowledge,intention and action”

随着长江大保护、黄河高质量发展战略的实施以及长江保护法的颁布,需要了解公众对河流开发与保护的认知与态度。本文在对河流相关研究及已有公众调查分析的基础上,通过网络问卷进行了基于"知-意-行"结构的中国河流开发与保护的公众调查。主要结论包括:(1)从知的层面,大部分被调查者认为中国河流目前处于高强度大规模开发,或开发对生态有较大影响的状态;对河流生态价值重视程度高;偏好自然与近自然河流的比例高,但对其了解并不充分;地方河流存在恶化趋势,人河关系已明显改变;(2)从意的层面,大部分被调查者关注河流保护比较被动;对保护措施了解不够;行动参与意愿不高;(3)从行的层面,被调查者在河流保护行动的实际参与水平较低。针对部分结论的相关性分析显示:对我国河流开发基本现状的认知与对家乡河流开发的生态影响的认知显著相关;对河流生态价值重要程度的评价与对河流状态的偏好显著相关;参与河流保护活动与对河流保护事件的关注程度显著相关等。最后分析了官方媒体与非政府组织的作用,考虑了公众认知的时代性与多利益方的因素。

With the implementation of National Strategies such as Yangtze River Protection and Yellow River Quality Development and the Enactment of Yangtze River Protection Law,it is necessary to know public attitude toward river development status,protection actions and river value cognitions in China.Based on the review of the relevant river researches and public surveys in the world,this research has completed a public survey on river protection and development in China using the structure of"knowledge,intention and action".The main conclusions include three aspects.(1)From knowledge level,most of respondents think that Chinese rivers are currently in the state of high-intensity development and serious damage,or development has great impact on ecology;the development of local rivers has significantly changed the interaction between people and rivers,and the daily contact between the public and rivers has been weakened;the number of people who think that river development"obviously promotes"economy is significantly less than those who think that the river development"obviously destroys"the ecology;the attention to the ecological value of rivers is high,and the proportion of preference for natural rivers and near natural rivers is high,although the cognition of natural rivers is not clear.(2)From intention level,most of respondents are passive about the public events of river protection,with insufficient information about the river protection measures,and the low participation level and willingness of river protection actions.(3)From action level,the respondents’participation level in river protection action is low.On the basis of the above conclusions,the correlation analysis is drawn.Finally,the role of official media and non-governmental organizations and the significance of the contemporary influences and multi-party cooperation are discussed.