水/沼液一体化不同灌溉方式对番茄生长及产量品质的影响研究

Effects of Different Water-biogas Slurry Integrate Irrigation Methods on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato

为探索分根交替灌溉条件下水/沼液一体化施用方式对番茄生长和产量品质的影响。本研究采用两季盆栽试验,以番茄为研究对象,在水/沼液一体分根交替灌溉基础上,采用地表灌溉(APRI-B)和穴孔灌溉(APRI-X)2种灌溉方式,探求不同灌溉方式对番茄生长指标、干物质质量分配以及产量品质指标的影响规律。结果表明:APRI-X处理能够显著促进番茄株高和茎粗的增加,且较APRI-B处理能获得更好的光合速率,有利于光合产物的形成;与APRI-B处理相比,能够增加总根干物质量23%以上,并能促进番茄根系更好地向土壤深层生长,获得更好的根冠比。此外,APRI-X处理的产量和水分利用效率明显高于APRI-B处理,其果实的可滴定酸、可溶性总糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物和果实硬度等指标均优于APRI-B处理,能够调节番茄的口感,改善番茄营养品质,提高番茄的储存和长途运输能力,是水/沼液一体化灌溉的有效方式,建议在分根交替灌溉条件下采用穴孔的方式进行灌溉。

To explore the effects of water-biogas slurry integrate irrigation methods under the condition of alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI)on the growth,yield and quality of tomato,two irrigation methods,surface irrigation(APRI-B)and hole irrigation(APRI-X)are adopted in two-season pot experiments.The results show that the irrigation method has significant influence on the growth,dry biomass distribution,yield and quality of tomato,such as APRI-X can promote the increase in plant height and stem diameter of tomato,as well as the photosynthetic rate and the formation of photosynthetic product.When compared with APRI-B,the method of APRI-X can improve the root dry biomass more than 23%and promote the roots to grow better into the deep soil and obtain a superior root-shoot ratio.Furthermore,the yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of APRI-X treatment are much higher than that of APRI-B,and the titratable acid,total soluble sugar,vitamin C,soluble protein,soluble solid and fruit firmness of tomato in APRI-X treatment are also better than that of fruits in APRIX treatment.This indicates that the irrigation method of APRI-X can improve the taste and quality of tomato,as well as the quality for storage and transportation,which will be a good method for water-biogas slurry integrated irrigation in agriculture production.