不同施肥和树形处理对设施果桑果实品质及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods and Tree Model on Fruit Qualityand Soil Microbial Community Function of Protected Mulberry

为了探究适宜设施果桑栽培的合理施肥方式及树形模式,研究了不同施肥措施和树形模式对土壤理化性状、土壤微生物碳代谢及果实品质的影响。结果显示,与常规施肥和减量施肥处理相比,组合施肥处理(减少化学肥料,增施有机肥和微量元素肥)土壤有机质含量、速效氮磷钾含量、土壤微生物碳源利用能力、桑葚可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量以及糖酸比都显著提高(P<0.05)。“Y”字形和“一”字形树形土壤微生物碳源利用能力均低于自然开心形,但是二者果实可溶性糖、维生素C含量以及糖酸比显著高于自然开心形(P<0.05),“Y”字形树形果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量积累更快。本研究表明在设施果桑栽培中,组合施肥并且采用“Y”字形树形,可改善土壤理化性状和微生物功能多样性,促进果实成熟,提升果实品质。

In order to explore the reasonable fertilization method and tree form suitable for protected mulberry cultivation,the effects of different fertilization measures and tree form on soil physical and chemical properties,microbial carbon metabolism and fruit quality were studied.The results show that compared with conventional fertilization and reduced fertilization,the combined fertilization(substitution of reduced fertilizer for organic fertilizer and appropriate trace fertilizer)significantly increased the content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,soil microbial carbon source utilization ability,mulberry soluble sugar content,vitamin C content and fruit sugar acid ratio(P<0.05).The utilization capacity of soil microbial carbon source in“Y”shape trees and"—"shape trees was lower than that in natural center open form,but the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and sugar acid ratio of both were significantly higher than that in natural center open form(P<0.05).Additionally,the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C accumulated faster in"Y"shape trees.Results of this study indicated that combined fertilization and"Y"shape tree form can improve soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure,promote fruit maturity and improve fruit quality in protected mulberry cultivation.