能源互网下虚拟电厂调度及市场竞价综述

A Review of Dispatch and Bidding of Virtual Power Plant in the Context of Energy Internet

通过聚合、协调控制可再生能源、柔性负荷、电动汽车等分布式资源,VPP(虚拟电厂)可以实现不同资源的出力互补,将有效降低新能源大规模并网对电力系统运行稳定性的影响,是推动可再生能源发展的有效途径。同时,虚拟电厂可以为分布式资源参与电力市场提供有效方案。从电力市场的角度出发,首先基于能源互联网"能量-信息-经济"三元驱动理念,介绍虚拟电厂的基本架构;针对VPP内部分布式资源管理模式,对VPP的3种控制方式进行分析及总结,重点介绍VPP内部资源的调度机制。然后,针对VPP参与电力市场竞价的问题,从时间尺度、优化模型、不确定性因素三方面梳理国内外相关研究。最后,对VPP的未来发展趋势及研究方向进行了分析和总结。

Through aggregation and coordinated control of distributed energy resources(DERs), such as the renewable energy resources(RESs), flexible loads, electric vehicles, etc., virtual power plant(VPP) can realize the complementarity of the outputs of different resources, which helps to effectively reduce the impact of the large-scale penetration of RESs on the operation stability of the power system. Thus, it is regarded as an effective way to promote the development of the RESs and it can provide an effective way for the RESs to participate in the electricity market. From the perspective of electricity market, this study firstly introduces the basic structure of the VPP according to the "energy-information-economic" concept of the Energy Internet.Secondly, in terms of the energy management of the internal DERs of the VPP, three kinds of control modes are summarized, and the operation scheduling mechanisms of the VPP internal resources are introduced.Then, from the perspective of the VPP’s participation in the electricity market, this paper arranges knowledge on the bidding strategy of the VPP in terms of the time scale, the optimized model, and the uncertainty factors, respectively. And finally, the future development trend and research direction of VPP are explored and summarized.