理学视阈下的朱熹诗歌思想与书法理论探析

A Study on Zhu Xi’s Poetry and Calligraphy from the Perspective of Neo-Confucianism

南宋朱熹既是理学家,也兼具诗人、书法家的身份。他以儒家义理为基底进行诗书创作,奉守严正持"敬"观,并将持"敬"的功夫从理论层面延伸至个人行为修养及诗歌书法等艺术领域。朱熹反对夸张繁复的艺术技巧,提出文道并重,注重艺与道的统一。注重"气"在诗文书法中的一以贯之,并且在诗书创作与理论中从推崇"古法"过渡到后期不完全否定苏黄的"无法之法",将理学思想与艺术法度平衡融合,对其时及宋末元初均有深远影响。朱熹以其深厚的理学修养和文学积累,在诗歌和书法创作批评中融入理学思想,使诗歌与书法表现出理学视阈下的会通特点。

Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty was not only a Neo-Confucianist, but also a poet and calligrapher. With his profound Neo-Confucianism cultivation and knowledge accumulation, Zhu Xi integrated Neo-Confucianism into poetry and calligraphy, which made poetry and calligraphy show the characteristics of communication from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism. He created poetry and calligraphy on the basis of Confucian righteousness, adhered to the concept of "respect",and extended the hold of "respect" from the theoretical level of Neo-Confucianism to the artistic fields of personal behavior cultivation, poetry and calligraphy. Zhu Xi opposed the exaggerated and complicated artistic skills, put forward the equal emphasis on literature and Tao, and paid attention to the unity of art and Tao. He paid attention to the consistency of "Qi" in poetry and calligraphy, and transition from advocating "ancient law" to not completely negating Su Huang’s "impossible law" in poetry and calligraphy creation. Zhu Xi gradually balanced and integrated his personal Neo-Confucianism with the concept of artistic law, which had a far-reaching impact on the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty.Zhu Xi, with his profound knowledge of Confucianism and literary accumulation, incorporated Neo-Confucianism into his poetry and calligraphy creation criticism, so that his poetry and calligraphy both showed the characteristics of Neo-Confucianism.