我国老年人群认知功能现状及影响因素研究

Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Cognitive Function of the Elderly in China

目的了解我国老年人群的认知功能现状及其影响因素。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS 2018)数据,选取≥60岁的老年人群,采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)衡量老年人的认知功能情况;应用logistic回归模型对老年人认知障碍的影响因素进行分析。结果本研究最终纳入≥60岁且完成认知功能测量的老年人3609例,其中有887(24.5%)例存在认知功能受损。多因素分析结果显示,年龄、文化水平为初高中、有记忆力疾病史、视力受损、正在吸烟是影响老年人认知功能的危险因素(P<0.05)。男性、居住在主城区、文化程度为小学、已婚或同居、有血脂异常、心脏病病史、目前仍喝酒、高社交活跃是影响老年人认知功能的保护因素(R<0.05)。结论我国老年人的认知功能受损情况严重,进行老年人生活方式(戒烟、饮酒模式、文化教育、社交)干预是维护老年人认知功能的有利方式。

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of cognitive function of the elderly in China.Methods Based on the data of China Health and elderly care followup survey(CHARLS)2018,the elderly≥60 years old were selected,and the cognitive function of the elderly was measured by simple mental state examination scale(MMSE).Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly.Results A total of 3609 elderly people≥60 years old who completed the measurement of cognitive function were included in this study,and 887(24.5%)elderly people had cognitive impairment.The results of multivariate analysis showed that age,educational level,history of memory diseases,impaired vision and smoking were the risk factors affecting the cognitive function of the elderly(P<0.05).Male,living in the main urban area,education level of primary school,married or cohabiting,dyslipidemia,history of heart disease,current drinking and high social activity are the protective factors affecting the cognitive function of the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The cognitive function of the elderly in China is seriously impaired.The intervention of lifestyle(smoking cessation,drinking mode,culture and education,social interaction)is a favorable way to maintain the cognitive function of the elderly.