日本历史性城市公园的角色和可持续性发展--以东京日比谷公园为例

The Role and Sustainable Development of Historic Urban Parks in Japan-Taki ng Tokyo Hibiya Park as an Example

有东京中央公园之称的日比谷公园是日本近代公园的鼻祖,至今已有100多年的发展历史。通过历史资料梳理和实地采访,以日比谷公园为例,探讨日本历史性城市公园在其百年发展过程中作为重要城市公共空间的现实作用,以及在可持续发展范畴下对城市公园发展的启示。研究认为,作为城市公共基础设施,城市公园在社会、生活、防灾、生态结构等方面承担了补充和完善城市功能的责任;作为城市历史文化和地域性传承的重要载体,对于城市公园的评价方式和保护制度是影响城市公园可持续发展的重要因素。

Hibiya Park,known as Tokyo's central park,is the progenitor of Japan's modern parks and has undergone more than a century of development.Taking Hibiya Park as an example,this paper explores the real-life role of Japan's historic urban parks as important urban public spaces that have assumed and complemented basic urban functions during their century-long development,as well as the implications for the context of sustainable urban park development,through combing historical data and field interviews.The study concludes that as urban public infrastructures,urban parks have assumed the role of complementing and improving urban functions in terms of social,living,disaster prevention,and ecological structures;at the same time,as important carriers of urban history,culture,and regional heritage,the way of evaluating their creativity and the protection of laws are important influencing factors for the sustainable development of urban parks.