零工经济对城镇职工基本养老保险的冲击——基于对基金收支平衡的模拟计算

The Impact of Gig Economy on the Basic Pension Insurance for Urban Employees

互联网平台的持续扩张使零工经济这一用工形式迅速得以普及。但其临时性、碎片化的特点,对于现有的社会保障体系却会产生影响。以城镇职工基本养老保险基金的收支平衡问题为研究对象,构建精算模型,并对模型涉及的参数做出假设进行测算,以直观反映零工经济对现有社会保障体系的影响。研究表明,零工经济的用工方式会阻碍员工参与养老保险,从而使养老保险的收入与结余均减少,且结余的减少幅度大于收入减少幅度,不利于养老保险制度的可持续发展。基于此,建议灵活调整零工经济从业者的缴费基数,建立以公民身份为基础的社会保险体系,取消零工经济从业者参保的户籍限制。

With the continuous expansion of the Internet,the form of gig economy has been popularized rapidly.However,the existing social security system will be affected,for this kind of economy is temporary and fragmented.In this research,we take the balance of income and expenditure of the fund of basic endowment insurance for urban workers as the object.In order to reflect the impact of gig economy on the existing social security system directly,we have constructed an actuarial model,in which the parameters involved are assumed and calculated.And the result shows that gig economy will hinder employees from participating in endowment insurance,so that the income and balance of endowment insurance will decrease.And the decrease of balance is greater than the decrease of income,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of endowment insurance system.Based on this,the paper puts forward the following suggestions:adjusting the social insurance base of gig economy workers flexibly,establishing social insurance system based on citizenship and cancellation of restrictions of registered residence for the gig economy workers to register the insurance.