淡水虾蟹养殖池塘中5种水草的营养成分比较

Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Five Species of Aquatic Plants in Freshwater Prawn and Crab Culture Ponds

比较虾蟹池塘中微齿眼子菜、线叶眼子菜、菹草、空心莲子草和穗花狐尾藻5种水草的常规营养成分、总类胡萝卜素、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量,并结合5种水草的生长特性和对底泥再悬浮的抑制作用,综合评估这5种水草在淡水虾蟹养殖中的应用价值。试验结果显示:(1)菹草水分含量显著高于其他4种水草,微齿眼子菜、线叶眼子菜和空心莲子草的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于穗花狐尾藻和菹草(P<0.05),微齿眼子菜和空心莲子草的总糖和总类胡萝卜素含量也均显著高于其他3种水草(P<0.05);(2)微齿眼子菜和菹草的饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于线叶眼子菜、空心莲子草和穗花狐尾藻(P<0.05),而空心莲子草和穗花狐尾藻的多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于微齿眼子菜、线叶眼子菜和菹草(P<0.05)。(3)微齿眼子菜、线叶眼子菜和空心莲子草的总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量均显著高于菹草和穗花狐尾藻(P<0.05),此外线叶眼子菜总必需氨基酸/总非必需氨基酸值最大且与其他水草存在显著性差异(P<0.05),穗花狐尾藻总必需氨基酸/总非必需氨基酸值最小且与其他水草存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。本试验中,不同水草的营养品质差异较大且存在一定的互补性,在选择种植水草时可以根据虾蟹对水草的喜好以及环境因素科学搭配。

Contents of proximate composition,total carotenoids,fatty acids,and amino acids were compared in five species of aquatic plants,Potamogeton maackianus,P.pusillus,P.crispus,Alternanthera philoxeroides and Myriophyllum spicatum in prawn and crab culture ponds.Besides,combined with the growth characteristics of five species of aquatic plants and their inhibition of sediment resuspension,the application value of these five species of aquatic plants in freshwater prawn and crab culture was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that:(1)the moisture of P.crispus was significantly higher than that of the other four species plants,the crud protein and crude lipid contents of P.maackianus,P.pusillus and A.philoxeroides were significantly higher than M.spicatum and P.crispus.Besides,the total sugar and total carotenoids contents of P.maackianus and A.philoxeroides were also significantly higher than P.pusillus,P.crispus and M.spicatum;(2)the contents of saturated fatty acids(SFA)and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were significantly higher in P.maackianus and P.crispus than those in P.pusillus,A.philoxeroides and M.spicatum,while the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were significantly higher in A.philoxeroides and M.spicatum than P.maackianus,P.pusillus and P.crispus(P<0.05);(3)the total essential amino acids(EAA),total non-essential amino acids(NEAA)and total amino acids(TAA)were significantly higher in P.maackianus and P.pusillus than those in P.crispus and the M.spicatum.Besides,the maximal EAA/TAA value was observed in P.pusillus and the minimal EAA/TAA value in M.spicatum.In summary,the nutritional quality of different aquatic plants in this study are different and there are certain complementarities,and the choice of aquatic plants should be based on its nutritional quality,prawn and crab preferences and environmental factors.