生物炭用于育苗基质的研究进展

Research Progress of Biochar as Seedling Substrate

基质是工厂化育苗的基础,目前常用基质的主要成份为泥炭,但由于泥炭的使用量较大,开采过程会破坏环境且其不可再生。因此,寻找一种新型材料替代泥炭作为育苗基质,已成为工厂化育苗亟需解决的难题。生物炭具有丰富的孔隙,巨大的比表面积且富含多种营养元素,并在多种蔬菜作物的育苗中均有较好的效果,若将其作为育苗基质替代泥炭,将会具有广阔的应用前景。但由于生物炭的制备原料来源广泛,制作工艺千差万别,导致其理化指标不一。此外,生物炭中毒害物质的检测方法及限量标准缺乏,导致其作育苗基质的质量和稳定性难以保证。建议建立统一的生物炭质量标准用于育苗,开发快速有效地生物炭毒性评估方法,加强生物炭育苗基质的经济效益和生态效益的研究,推动生物炭育苗基质的产业化发展。

The substrate is the basis of industrialized seedlings,at present,peat as a common material faced many problems,such as environmental damages in mining process and non-renewable resources.It is urgent to find materials that can replace peat as seeding substrates.Biochar has abundant voids,large specific surface area and a variety of nutrients,resulting in good performance in seedling raising of many vegetables which demonstrated a good application prospect for seedling substrate.However,the physical and chemical properties of biochar are different due to the variety of raw materials and different production processes.In addition,the lack of corresponding manufacturing system,detection methods and limit standards of toxic substances,which together causes some difficulties to ensure the quality stability of biochar as seedling substrate.Therefore,we suggest that quality standard and rapid and effective toxicity assessment method of biochar for seedling cultivation should be established.Moreover,researches on the economic and ecological benefits of biochar seedling substrate should be strengthened,and thus promoted its industrialization.