贵州黔东南稻田鲤肌肉营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Component in the Muscle of Cyprinus carpio var.field in Southeastern Guizhou Province

为了解贵州黔东南稻田鲤肌肉营养成分特点,采用常规营养分析及生化方法,对肌肉中的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿质元素含量进行了检测。结果显示:黔东南稻田鲤肌肉中水分含量为(76.72±0.92)%,粗蛋白质含量为(19.58±0.47)%,粗脂肪含量为(4.57±0.62)%,粗灰分含量为(1.89±0.39)%;黔东南稻田鲤肌肉中的18种氨基酸总量占干重的(83.91±9.47)%,其中,必需氨基酸及非必需氨基酸占比分别为(33.79±3.90)%、(50.12±5.57)%;肌肉中检测到27种脂肪酸,其中,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸及多不饱和脂肪酸含量百分比分别为(25.80±1.73)%、(54.17±4.83)%和(20.15±3.85)%;肌肉中K、Mg元素含量较高,分别为8.44±1.02 g/kg,0.62±0.01 g/kg,微量元素中Se元素含量为1.01±0.43 mg/kg。结果表明,黔东南稻田鲤肌肉干物质具有高蛋白、多灰分、低脂质的一般肌肉特点;黔东南稻田鲤肌肉中氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量比例高,脂肪酸中单不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例高,矿质元素中K、Mg元素含量高,Ca元素含量较低,Se元素含量达到食物的富硒标准(0.02~0.20 mg/100g)。

To understand the characteristics of carp muscle nutrition,the general nutritional components,amino acids,fatty acids,mineral elements in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio var.field were detected by routine nutritional analysis and biochemical methods.The results showed that the content of water,crude protein,crude ash,and fat were 76.72±0.92%,19.58±0.47%,4.57±0.62%,1.89±0.39%,respectively.The total amount of 18 amino acids in the muscle of C.carpio var.field accounted for 83.91±9.47%of the dry weight,of which essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids accounted for 33.79±3.90%and 50.12±5.57%,respectively.Twenty-seven fatty acids were detected in the muscle,of which saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 25.80±1.73%,54.17±4.83%,and 20.15±3.85%,respectively.The contents of K and Mg in muscle were relatively high,8.44±1.02 g/kg,0.62±0.01 g/kg,respectively.The content of Se in trace elements was 1.01±0.43 mg/kg.The results showed that the dry matter of muscle of C.carpio var.field had the characteristics of high protein,high multi ash,and low lipid.The muscle of C.carpio var.field had a complete variety of amino acids.The essential amino acid content accounted for a high proportion of the total amino acids,and the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acids was high.The contents of K and Mg in the mineral elements were high,the content of Ca was low,and the content of Se reached the selenium-enriched standard of food(0.02~0.20 mg/100 g).