2~5岁高危儿童语言发育迟缓MRI表现及诊断

MRI Findings and Diagnosis of Language Retardation in High-Risk Children Aged 2 to 5 Years

目的探讨2~5岁高危儿童语言发育迟缓的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法从2016年1月至2018年11月在本院儿童保健门诊就诊并确诊为语言发育迟缓的高危患儿中选出120例作为研究对象,进行回顾性研究,所有患儿均行MRI检查,分析不同程度的语言发育迟缓高危患儿的MRI表现。结果高危患儿语言发育迟缓的头颅MRI检查结果显示:正常患者19例,占比15.83%,异常患者101例,异常率84.17%,其中皮质发育异常27例,占比22.50%,颅内白质髓鞘化延迟21例,占比17.50%,胼胝体发育不良13例,占比10.83%,脑室周围脑白质软化32例,占比26.67%,脑畸形8例,占比6.67%;120例高危患儿的DQ评估结果显示,轻度语言发育迟缓33例,中度49例,重度38例,其中轻微语言发育迟缓MRI异常显示率69.70%(23/33),中度语言发育迟缓MRI异常显示率83.67%(41/49),重度语言发育迟缓MRI异常显示率97.37%(37/38),不同程度语言发育迟缓检出率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论皮质发育异常、颅内白质髓鞘化延迟、脑室周围脑白质软化是高危患儿语言迟缓常见的MRI表现,对于中、重度高危语言发育迟缓患儿的异常显示率较高,具有较高的诊断价值。

Objective To explore MRI findings and diagnostic value of language retardation in high-risk children aged 2 to 5 years.Methods During the period from January 2016 to November 2018,120 high-risk children who were confirmed with language retardation at child health clinic of the hospital were enrolled as study objects.The retrospective study was performed.All children underwent MRI examination.MRI findings of high-riskchildren with different language retardation degree were analyzed.Results The cranial MRI examination resultsof language retardation in high-risk children showed that there were 19 normal patients(15.83%),and 101 abnormal patients(84.17%).There were 27 cases with cortical dysplasias(22.50%),21 cases with intracranial white matter myelination delaying(17.50%),13 cases with corpus callosum dysplasia(10.83%),32 cases with white matter softening around ventricle(26.67%),and 8 cases with cerebral malformations(6.67%).In terms of DQ assessment results from 120 high-risk children,there were 33 cases,49 cases and 38 caseswith mild,moderateand severe language retardation,respectively.The abnormal MRI display rates of mild,moderate and severe language retardation were 69.70%(23/33),83.67%(41/49)and 97.37%(37/38),respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion Cortical dysplasia,intracranial white matter myelination delaying and white matter softening around ventricle are common MRI findings of language retardation in high-risk children.MRI abnormal display ratesfor high-risk children with moderate to severe language retardation are relatively higher,which is of relatively higher diagnostic value.