131例药疹病例回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of 131 cases of drug eruption

目的探讨各型药疹临床特点、常见致敏药物、治疗方法,为减少药物过敏、提高治愈率提供参考。方法对空军特色医学中心皮肤科2017年1月—2019年12月131例药疹住院患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果明确一种药物过敏者54例(41.2%),其中抗生素类25例(46.3%),中药类15例(27.8.1%),解热镇痛药3例(5.6%),抗癫痫药物2例(3.7%)。轻中度药疹106例(80.9%),主要表现为麻疹型或猩红热型药疹73例(55.7%),多形红斑型药疹18例(13.7%),荨麻疹型药疹11例(8.4%),紫癜型药疹4例(3.1%)。重症药疹25例(19.1%),包括重症多形红斑型药疹23例(17.6%),大疱性表皮松解型药疹2例(1.5%)。结论药疹以麻疹型或猩红热型药疹最多见,抗生素与中药为两大类主要致敏药物。临床中应加强抗生素和中药的使用管理,按适应证合理用药,避免出现滥用药物。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,common allergenic drugs and treatments of drug eruption,and to provide reference for reducing the incidence and improving the recovery rate.Methods The clinical data on 131 inpatients with drug eruption treated in Air Force Medical Center between 2017 and 2019 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Drug eruption in fifty-four of these patients was confirmed as having been caused by one single drug,including 25 patients caused by antibiotics,15 by traditional Chinese medicine,3 by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS),and 2 by antiepileptic drugs.There were 106 patients with mild-to-moderate drug eruption,including morbilliform and scarlatiniform drug eruption(73 cases),erythema multiform drug eruption(18 cases),urticarial drug eruption(11 cases),and purpuric drug eruption(4 cases).Among the 25 patients with severe drug eruption,the main types were severe erythema multiform drug eruption(23 cases),and drug-induced bullosa epidermolysis(2 cases).Conclusion The data shows that the most common drug eruption is morbilliform drug eruption and scarlatiniform drug eruption.Antibiotics and traditional Chinese medicine are the main allergenic drugs.Antibiotics and traditional Chinese medicine should be used with more caution in clinical practice,and drugs used more rationally according to indications.