大学生课余时间分配及对学业成就影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study of Undergraduates'Extracurricular Time Allocation and Its Influence on Academic Achievement

课余时间的分配对大学生发展有着重要影响和意义。文章对全国1284名本科生进行问卷调查。研究结果表明,从学习时间/非学习时间、积极利用时间/消极利用时间维度考察,大学生课余时间分配在性别、年级、专业与学生户籍所在地等变量上具有不同程度的显著性差异。学习时间与积极利用时间对大学生的知识与技能、认知与思维、人际促进、创新与实践以及学业成就均具有显著的正向预测作用。中介模型检验结果表明,学习时间与非学习时间在自我管理与学业成就之间的双重中介作用显著;积极利用时间在自我管理与学业成就之间起显著的中介作用,而消极利用时间的中介作用不显著。因此,应针对学生差异实行课余时间利用指导,从“软硬”两方面采取措施促进学生学习时间和积极利用时间的增加,重视培养学生的自我管理能力。

The allocation of extracurricular time has an important influence and significance on the development of undergraduates.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1284 undergraduates in China.The results of the study show that from the dimensions of study time/non-study time,active use time/passive use time,the distribution of undergraduates'extracurricular time has significant differences in variables such as gender,grade,major,and student residence.Study time and active use of time have significant positive predictive effects on undergraduates'knowledge and skills,cognition and thinking,interpersonal promotion,innovation and practice,and academic achievement.The test results of the mediation model show that learning time and non-learning time have a significant dual mediating role between self-management and academic achievement;positive time use plays a significant mediating role between self-management and academic achievement,while the mediating effect of negative time use is not significant.Therefore,it is necessary to implement guidance on the use of extracurricular time according to the differences among students,Take measures to promote the increase of students'learning time and active use of time,and attach importance to cultivating students'self-management ability.