Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version)

The pathogenesis of melasma is believed to be related to heredity,sun exposure,sex hormones,and other factors.The mechanisms underlying the development of melasma include increased melanin synthesis,vascular proliferation within the skin lesions,inflammation,and skin barrier dysfunction.The diagnosis of melasma is mainly based on clinical manifestations and noninvasive techniques.Coupling with recent research progress in melasma,the present consensus comprehensively elaborates the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,staging,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of melasma to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of Chinese dermatologists.