圆孔和矩形孔夫琅禾费衍射的MATLAB仿真对比研究

Comparative study on Fraunhofer diffraction of circular hole and rectangular hole by MATLAB simulation

根据夫琅禾费衍射的基本原理,利用MATLAB仿真模拟圆孔和矩形孔的夫琅禾费衍射,观察孔径大小与夫琅禾费衍射图样的关系,发现孔径越小,衍射现象越明显。接着通过矩形孔和圆形孔互为内接圆和外接圆的关系进行对比,研究衍射屏形状对夫琅禾费衍射图样的影响,分析其夫琅禾费衍射图样的特征,衍射图样对孔的形状有较大的依赖关系,且在孔径大小相当的情况下,矩孔的夫琅禾费衍射比圆孔的夫琅禾费衍射更加明显。计算机仿真能快速、准确的改变衍射屏的形状和大小,这对学生形象、直观的理解夫琅禾费衍射提供一种有益的辅助手段。

According to the basic principle of Fraunhofer diffraction,the Fraunhofer diffraction of circular hole and rectangular hole is simulated by MATLAB,The relationship between the aperture size and Fraunhofer diffraction pattern was observed,and found that the smaller the aperture,the more obvious the diffraction phenomenon.Then,the influence of the shape of the diffraction screen on the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is studied and the characteristics of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern are analyzed,The diffraction pattern has a great dependence on the shape of the hole,and the Fraunhofer diffraction of the distance hole is more obvious than that of the circular hole when the aperture size is the same.It has a certain reference significance for students to understand Fraunhofer diffraction vividly and intuitively.