碳交易市场发展及其制度体系的构建

Development and System Construction of Carbon Trading Market

碳交易是以碳定价为基础、旨在减少碳排放的市场激励机制。《京都议定书》签署后,碳交易市场制度体系的构建成为发达国家实现碳减排的重要措施。十多年来,国际上以《京都议定书》为基础的全球碳交易市场、以欧盟EU ETS为代表的国家级碳交易市场以及中国碳交易试点城市等区域减排交易市场的发展,为我国碳交易市场制度体系的构建提供了大量可借鉴的经验。我国碳交易市场制度体系的建构,从各地区的试点,到全国碳交易市场的建构,已经历整整十年,在碳减排和区域环境目标的实现方面发挥了显著作用。在未来碳交易市场发展和制度体系建设中,应重点规避碳交易市场制度体系中配额超发分配的风险,加速完善碳排放权交易相关立法,发展多层次碳交易市场,不断创新碳金融工具。

Carbon trading is a market incentive mechanism to reduce carbon emissions based on carbon pricing.After the signing of Kyoto Protocol,the construction of carbon trading market system has become an important measure for developed countries to achieve emission reduction.Over the past decade,the development of the global carbon trading market based on the Kyoto Protocol,the national carbon trading market represented by the European Union and regional emission reduction trading markets such as carbon trading pilot cities in China have provided a lot of experience for the construction of China's carbon trading market system.The construction of China's carbon trading market system,from the pilot in various regions to the construction of the national carbon market,has gone through a full decade,and has played a significant role in carbon emission reduction and the realization of regional environmental objectives.In the future development of carbon trading market and system construction,we should focus on avoiding the risk of excessive quota distribution in the carbon emission trading system,accelerate the improvement of carbon emission trading related legislation,develop multi-level carbon trading market and constantly innovate carbon financial instruments.