作物种质资源调查收集的理论基础与方法

Theory and Methods for Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources

作物种质资源调查与收集是作物种质资源保护、基础研究、鉴定评价和创新利用的基础。调查获得的地理分布、生态类型、特征特性等可为作物起源进化和保护生物学研究提供信息支撑,收集到的作物种质资源的多样性对是否能够发掘出具有重要利用价值的资源具有决定性作用。本文简要回顾了作物种质资源调查收集历史,从物种分布不平衡性、作物起源中心与种质资源分布、人类文明对作物起源与品种演化的影响等3个方面阐述了作物种质资源调查收集相关的理论基础,详细介绍了作物种质资源调查收集的方法,提出了未来作物种质资源调查收集的发展趋势。

Survey and collection are the foundational work in the research field of crop germplasm resources,and enable the performance of conservation,basic research,evaluation and utilization.Survey is able to obtain the information of geographical distribution,ecological types,botanical features and agronomic characteristics of germplasm resources,and this information is valuable in basic studies of crop origin and evolution as well as conservation biology.The collected germplasm resources might contain the boarder genetic diversity which is of interest in discovery of high value genetic resources valuable for agricultural utilization.This paper reviews the history of field survey and collection activities of crop germplasm resources,followed by introduction of the theoretical basis(i.e.disequilibrium distribution,crop origin center and germplasm resources distribution,human civilization and crop origin)of investigation and collection.For providing a practical guideline,this paper introduces the detailed methods and notes in the survey and collection,and proposes the future development in the field of crop germplasm resource survey and collection.