玉米耐盐分子机制研究进展

Recent Advance of Molecular Understanding of Salt Tolerance in Maize

玉米是我国总产量最大的农作物,它对盐胁迫耐受性较差。玉米主产区日益加剧的土壤盐渍化已成为导致玉米产量和品质下降的主要环境胁迫之一。因此,研究玉米的耐盐机制,改良玉米的耐盐性对保障我国乃至世界玉米生产的可持续发展有重要意义。土壤中盐浓度过高会导致玉米根系外围土壤溶液的水势降低,引起渗透胁迫,而盐离子(Na^(+)、Cl^(-)等)的过量积累会导致离子毒害。近年来,针对离子稳态维持、渗透压维持等关键生理过程,国内外学者通过GWAS、QTL等方法克隆了多个重要耐盐QTL基因,并对其作用机制进行了解析。本文综述了玉米耐盐领域的最新研究进展。

Maize(Zea mays L.)is ranking first in total yield production of the crop species in China,whereas this important crop is sensitive to salt stress.As the salinization of farmlands has become one of the major environmental stresses that decrease maize yield and quality,it is important to study the mechanism of salt tolerance and thus facilitate the development of salt-tolerant maize.It’s known that high-salt concentration can damage maize plant mainly by causing osmotic stress and ion toxicity.In recent years,several salt-tolerant QTL or genes which are involved in regulating either ion homeostasis or osmotic tolerance,have been identified by GWAS and/or QTL analysis,and their functional mechanisms have been investigated.Here,we review recent progress on deciphering the mechanisms of salt tolerance in maize.