心理治疗的伦理问题与对策

Ethical Issues and Countermeasures of Psychotherapy

基于国内外心理治疗相关伦理的发展脉络、研究现状和社会需求,从伦理建设、个人资质、伦理意识、伦理适用性、不良反应五个方面对心理治疗的主要伦理问题进行分析。揭示出目前心理治疗伦理建设相对滞后、治疗师资质良莠不齐、治疗师伦理意识淡薄、忽视伦理适用性和心理治疗不良反应难以避免的问题。并提出心理治疗伦理相应的改善路径,包括加快伦理体系建设、完善资格认证体系、保持价值中立、提升道德敏感性、定期接受专业督导、增加共同决策。

Based on the relevant development of psychotherapy ethics,research status and social needs at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the main ethical problems in psychotherapy from five aspects:ethical construction,personal qualification,ethical awareness,ethical applicability and adverse reactions.It also reveals some problems,such as the relatively lagging construction of psychotherapy ethics,the uneven qualifications of therapists,the weak ethical consciousness of therapists,the neglect of ethical applicability and the inevitable adverse treatment reactions.So that authors put forward the corresponding improvement path of psychotherapy ethics,including speeding up the construction of ethical system,perfecting the qualification system,maintaining value neutrality,enhancing moral sensitivity,accepting professional supervision on a regular basis,and increasing shared decision-making.