民国时期的医疗美容整形术及其受众考察

Medical Cosmetic Plastic Surgery and Its Audience in the Republic of China

医疗美容整形技术的发展和大众审美观念的变迁是民国时期美容整形流行的重要诱因。而昂贵的手术费用和彼时社会在职业和婚姻上对女性容貌的要求,使得当时医疗美容整形术的受众多被局限于都市女性群体。她们通过医疗整形技术来使自己的容貌达到社会大众的审美标准,以适应现实社会的需求。但彼时社会舆论对女子实施美容整形术的评说却褒贬不一,既有推崇者将其视为思想及科技进步的体现,亦有贬低者将其视为虚伪和可耻的行为,这充分体现出民国时期开放与保守共存的社会舆论形态,也体现出彼时女性基本处于舆论失语的状态。

The development of medical cosmetic plastic surgery techniques and the changes of aesthetic ideas were the important inducements of the popularity of cosmetology in the Republic of China.Because of the high cost and requirement for appearance in occupation and marriage then,the audience of medical cosmetic plastic surgery was limited to urban women.They had to meet the public's aesthetic standards,and adapted to societal requirements.However,public opinion at that time showed divided attitudes on the practice of medical cosmetic plastic surgery for women,some advocated it as a manifestation of ideological and technological progress,while some deprecated it as hypocritical and shameful.This reflected the coexistence of open and conservative ideology in the Republic of China,and also public opinion aphasia of females at that time.