历史学的原生形态及其质文递变

The Original Form of Historiography and the Evolution inIts Form and Content

将“历史”与“史学”严格区隔开来,具有建构史学知识论以及历史阐释理论的基础性和始源性意义,但中文“史”字原只具有“史学”之意,而以“事”字表达客观历史。古代史家对“史”的定义,内在地蕴含着史学知识论的体系,主体属性鲜明,阐释学意蕴深厚。上古时期,以诗性思维与诗性文体记事,是为世界史学发生和演变的通则。从先秦文献透露的信息可知,以东西周为界,中国史学发生了从以诗记事到以史记事的转型。这是一个去巫术化和诗性化而走向人文化、科学化的过程。

To strictly keep“history”separate from“historiography”is of basic and original significance in constructing the epistemology of historiography and the theory of historical interpretation.However,the original Chinese character“SHI”(history)only means“historiography”while the another word“SHI”(event)expresses objective history.The definition of“history”by ancient historiographers inherently contains the system of epistemology of historiography with distinct subject attributes and profound hermeneutic implications.In ancient times,it was the general rule for the emergence and evolution of world historiography to record events with poetic thinking and poetic style.According to the information revealed in the pre-Qin literature,the transformation of Chinese historiography from keeping a record of events by poems to keeping a record of events by history took place between the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasties.This is a process to get rid of witchcraft and poetic essence and develop towards humanization and scientization.