论行政公益诉讼中的“公益”识别标准

On“Public Interest”Identification Criteria in Administrative Public Interest Litigation

党的十九届四中全会提出要拓展公益诉讼案件范围。目前《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》以“四领域”和“两类型”的方式共同确定了纳入行政公益诉讼保护的公益范围,这样的确定方式具有鲜明的问题导向,有针对性地为当前社会急需保护的公共利益提供了制度保障。但是,它也使得纳入行政公益诉讼制度的公益范围狭窄,在实质上与“公益诉讼”的名称相背离,并且会进一步引发救济范围限缩、实践依据不牢、预期目标落空和公益领域重叠等问题。因此,需要抛弃现有的确定方式,采用公益标准判断作为识别公共利益的法定方式,这些标准包括国家标准、主体标准、质量标准和公平标准。

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to expand the scope of public interest litigation cases.At present,the Administrative Procedure Law adopts the“four areas”and“two types”to define public interest,which is problem-oriented and provides the system guarantee for the public interests urgently needed to be protected in the current society.However,it also makes the scope of public interest included in the administrative public interest litigation system narrow,which deviates from the name of“public interest litigation”in essence,and will further cause problems such as the limitation of relief scope,inadequate practical basis,the failure of expected goals and overlap in the field of public interest.Therefore,it is necessary to abandon the existing definition method and adopt public interest standard judgment as a legal way to identify public interests,including national standard,subject standard,quality standard and equity standard.