国际民商事条约在我国法院的可适用性及其适用模式

The Applicability and Application Modes of International Civil and Commercial Treaties in Chinese Courts

《民法典》实施后,国际民商事条约在我国适用的法律依据发生了体系性变化。虽然《民法典》未对国际条约适用问题进行规定,但国际民商事条约仍可以在我国得到适用。原《民法通则》第一百四十二条具有国际法、国内法、冲突法三个层面的作用,其也是当下我国国际民商事条约适用理论和实践的基础。总体来讲,我国采取的是“以直接适用为原则,以转化适用为例外”的国际民商事条约适用方式。除知识产权条约外的国际民商事条约均能够在我国法院直接适用。就国际民商事条约在我国的适用而言,存在直接适用模式与国际私法适用模式两种。我国法院既可以排除国际私法而直接适用国际民商事条约,还可以根据条约设定和国际私法规则实现对国际民商事条约的适用。

After the implementation of the Civil Code,the legal basis for the application of international civil and commercial treaties in China has changed systematically.Although the Civil Code does not stipulate the application of international treaties,the international civil and commercial treaties can still be applied in China.Article 142 of the General Principles of the Civil Law has the functions in three levels of international law,domestic law and conflict law,and it is also the basis of the theory and practice of the application of international civil and commercial treaties in current China.Generally speaking,China adopts the application mode of international civil and commercial treaties with“direct application as the principle and application by transformation as the exception”.All international civil and commercial treaties except intellectual property treaties can be applied directly in Chinese courts.There are two modes of the application of international civil and commercial treaties in China,wich are the direct application mode and private international law application mode.Chinese courts can not only apply international civil and commercial treaties directly,but also realize the application of international civil and commercial treaties under the rules of applying-set in treaties and international private law.