论行政诉讼确认无效判决之审查标准

Research on the Review Standards of the Invalid Judgment of Administrative Litigation

《行政诉讼法》第七十五条明确了确认无效判决的审查标准,但该规定过于原则化,“重大且明显违法”之普适性标准过于模糊,“实施主体不具有行政主体资格”内涵不清,“没有依据”指向不明。立法不足导致司法实践亦陷入困境。有必要在厘清“确认无效判决”与“撤销判决”,“不成立”与“无效”的基础上,进一步阐释“重大且明显违法”之内涵,并探讨“实施主体不具有行政主体资格”之立法原意,解读“没有依据”之具体指向。另外,还需借鉴域外规定,并结合司法经验对“重大且明显违法”的其他客观情形加以增补,以廓清确认无效判决的审查标准。

Article 75 of the“Administrative Litigation Law”clarifies the review standards for confirming invalid judgments,but the provisions are too principled,the universal standard of“major and obvious violations”is too vague,and the connotation of“the implementing entity does not have the qualifications of an administrative entity”is unclear,“No basis”points to unknown.Insufficient legislation has led to difficulties in judicial practice.Therefore,it is necessary to further explain the connotation of“major and obviously illegal”on the basis of clarifying the“confirmation of invalid judgment”and“revocation of judgment”,“unestablished”and“invalidity”,and explore the original legislative intent of“the implementing subject does not have the qualifications of administrative subject”,refinement the“no basis”should be“there is no legal basis.”In addition,it is necessary to learn from foreign regulations,and combine judicial experience to supplement other objective circumstances that are“significant and obvious violations of the law”in order to clarify the review criteria for confirming invalid judgments.