多民族聚居城市基础教育设施布局特征与社会空间差异研究——以乌鲁木齐市为例

Social space difference on distribution of basic education facilities in multi-ethnic cities

以乌鲁木齐市为例,分析了多民族聚居城市基础教育设施空间布局特征,并采用社会区分析和多因子相关性检验,研究教育设施布局的社会空间差异.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市教育设施布局呈现核心-边缘结构特征,多数学校集中在天山区和沙依巴克区.扇面分析发现,教育设施以北偏西方向布局为主,教育设施布局沿城市发展主方向拓展.教育设施可达性和数量总体上与城市人口密度相协调,但存在一定空间错配.汉族和维吾尔族聚居街区可达性较高,哈萨克族和回族聚居街区可达性较差,就学人口与可达距离和学校数量负相关.按社区类型分类,工业型街区公办学校数量远低于近郊街区;高社会经济等级街道可达性最短.

Taking Urumqi City as an example,the spatial distribution of basic education facilities in a multi-ethnic city is analyzed.The methods of urban social areas analysis and multi-factor correlation test were used to explain the social spatial differences in the layout of educational facilities.The results indicated that,the education facilities layout in Urumqi presented the core-marginal structural features.The most schools are concentrately located in Tianshan District and Shayibake District.The sector analysis found that the most educational facilities were located in the northwest of the city,and it was to step with the main direction of urban development.The number of educational facilities and accessibility were generally coordinated with the urban population density,but there was a certain spatial mismatch.The neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Han and Uyghur populations had better accessibility than the neighborhoods with higher proportions of Kazakh and Hui populations.The schooling population had a negative correlation with the number of schools and the accessibility.The social area analysis found that the number of public schools in industrial type community was much lower than that in the suburbs.The community with high socio-economic status had the shortest accessibility.