职业足球正当理由终止合同的CAS法理

CAS Jurisprudence on Just Cause Termination of a Contract in Professional Football

有无正当理由终止合同是职业足球领域的常见问题,国际体育仲裁院(Court of Arbitration for Sport,CAS)通过解决这类争议,逐渐形成了职业足球正当理由终止合同的独特法理。对职业足球正当理由终止合同的CAS法理进行研究,指出:俱乐部欠薪、侵犯运动员人格权可构成球员终止合同的正当理由;球员重大违约或严重不当行为可构成俱乐部终止合同的正当理由;球员表现不佳或伤病难以构成俱乐部终止合同的正当理由。CAS已形成评判这些事由是否构成正当理由的相应标准。为维护合同稳定,CAS法理强调有约必守原则,突出诚信原则,保护运动员的人格权。分析涉及中国职业足球俱乐部的CAS判例,认为:CAS可能的中国当事方应加强规则意识、法律意识,充分学习和了解国际规则和CAS法理;中国足球治理的规范化、法治化不足,急需加强法治化建设。

Termination of a contract with or without a just cause is a common issue in professional football.The Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)has gradually formed a unique jurisprudence of termination on professional football contracts with a just cause by solving such disputes.The CAS jurisprudence on the termination of a contract with a just cause in professional football is studied.It indicates that the club's overdue salaries and infringement of personality rights can constitute the"just cause"for players to terminate the contract,and the player's serious breach of contract or gross misconduct may constitute a"just cause"for the club to terminate the contract.On the other hand,however,the player's"poor performance"or injury can hardly constitute a"just cause"for the club to terminate the contract.CAS has formed corresponding standards to judge whether these reasons constitute a"just cause".In order to maintain the stability of the contract,CAS jurisprudence emphasizes the"pacta sunt servanda",highlights the"principle of good faith"and protects the personality rights of athletes.Through the analysis of the typical cases involving Chinese clubs,it is proposed that for the possible Chinese parties of CAS,the Chinese clubs should strengthen the awareness of rules and law,and fully study and understand the international rules and CAS jurisprudence.In China,the standardization and legalization of domestic football governance are insufficient,so it is urgent to strengthen the construction of rule of law.