羞耻、修补性阅读与文学情感研究

Shame,Reparative Reading and Literary Affect Studies

美国学者伊芙·科索夫斯基·塞吉维克在1993—2003年间发表的一系列文章开启了西方学界的文学情感研究。结合心理学家西尔文·汤姆金斯的情动理论和迈克尔·弗朗茨·巴奇对自恋的探讨,塞吉维克将羞耻从一种毁灭性的自我体验重构为具有政治生产性的情感。作为一种强烈的具身体验,羞耻不仅有效地质询自我的身份意识,也不断协调着自我与他者之间的关系。以羞耻为例,塞吉维克进一步推动了情感研究领域关于“不适的政治性”的探讨,关注人际关系而非社会结构在政治变革中的作用,这也与她所倡导的文学批评从“偏执型阅读”到“修补型阅读”的范式转换一脉相承。

The publications of the American scholar Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick between 1993 and 2003 contribute to the burgeoning of literary affect studies in the Western academia.Combining psychologist Silvan Tomkins’s affect theory and Michael Franz Basch’s discussion on narcissism,Sedgwick reconstructs the destructive self-experience of shame as a politically productive affect.As a strong embodied experience,shame not only efficiently questions the personal identity,but also constantly negotiates the relationship between the self and the other.Through the example of shame,Sedgwick advances debates about“the politics of discomfort”in the field of affect studies.The exploration of the role of interpersonal relationship–as opposed to social structure–in political transformation also resembles her call for the shift of critical practice from“paranoid reading”to“reparative reading”.