初中生自杀意念及影响因素的3年纵向研究

A longitudinal study on suicide ideation and related factors in middle school students

目的:了解初中生的自杀意念检出率及影响因素,为预防和减少青少年自杀意念提供针对性策略。方法:在深圳市选取2016级初一学生共1301人,进行每年1次、共3年的追踪测查。使用危险行为评定量表(RBES)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)、积极青少年发展量表(CPYDS)和家庭功能量表(CFAI)进行测查。结果:本样本的自杀意念逐年检出率分别为21.4%、22.2%、16.9%,抑郁症状检出率分别为33.4%、34.6%、28.8%。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,女生(初一、初二、初三OR=1.48、1.35、2.47)、有抑郁症状(初一、初二、初三OR=4.41、1.83、1.83)的学生具有较高的自杀意念风险,而积极青少年发展水平高(初一和初三OR=0.72、0.67)和家庭功能好(初一和初三OR=0.68、0.73)的学生,其自杀意念风险较低。结论:深圳市初中生存在一定的自杀意念检出率,关注特定人群,提升积极青少年发展水平、改善家庭功能能降低自杀意念风险。

Objective:To investigate the suicide ideation status and related factors among middle school students in Shenzhen, and to provide targeted strategies to prevent and reduce suicidal ideation among young people.Methods:In this study, 1301 students from 5 junior high schools in Shenzhen participated the three-year follow-up survey once a year(from Grade 7 to Grade 9).They were assessed with the Adolescent Risk Behavior Rating Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale and Family Function Scale.Results:The detection rates of suicidal ideation among this sample from Grade 7 to Grade 9 were 21.4%,22.2% and 16.9%,respectively, and the detection rates of depressive symptoms were 33.4%,34.6% and 28.8%,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that girls(OR=1.48,1.35,2.47,for Grade 7-9,respectively) and students with depression(OR=4.41,1.83,1.83,for Grade 7-9,respectively) had more risk of suicidal ideation.The level of suicidal ideation was lower for students with a high level of positive youth development(OR=0.72,0.67,for Grade 7 and 9) and good family function(OR=0.68,0.73,for Grade 7 and Grade 9).Conclusion:Middle school students of Shenzhen have a certain rate of suicidal ideation, paying attention to specific groups, enhancing the level of positive youth development, improving family functions could reduce the risk of suicide ideation.