从认识社会到改造社会:高校服务乡村振兴的行动转向——基于“清河实验”的思考

From Understanding Society to Transforming It:Action Reorientation of Colleges and Universities in Serving Rural Rejuvenation:Thinking Based on the"Qinghe Experiment"

中国比较有影响的高校服务乡村社会的历史实践可以追溯到1930年燕京大学的“清河实验”。从进入社区开始调查起,“清河实验”历时九年,从认识乡村社会到改造乡村社会,并以组织建设为切入点,从经济、教育、卫生三个维度实施改造工作。“清河实验”的主要经验为:开展社会调查,认识社会先于实践服务;加强组织建设,构建村庄常规运行体系;链接高校资源,嵌入乡村社会网络。以古鉴今,在当下高校服务乡村振兴的实践中,在行动层面要把握先“认识”后“改造”的总体路径;注重不同学科优势叠加;并兼顾培养和培育“三农人才”,从而建立高校服务乡村振兴的长效机制,为新时代校地合作提供有效路径。

The history of China's relatively influential universities serving rural society can be traced back to the"Qinghe Experiment"of Yanjing University in 1930.From the beginning of the investigation into the community,the"Qinghe Experiment"lasted nine years,from understanding rural society to reforming rural society,and starting from the organizational construction,the reform was carried out from the three dimensions of economy,education,and health.The"Qinghe Experiment"can be empirically summarized as follows:to carry out social surveys,to understand the society before practical services;to strengthen organization construction,to build the village's regular operation system;to link university resources and be embedded in the rural social network.Learning from the past,in the current practice of colleges and universities serving the revitalization of the countryside,we must grasp the overall path of"understanding"and then"reform"at the action level,focus on the superposition of advantages of different disciplines and give consideration to cultivating"agricultural talents"all for the purpose of establishing a long-term mechanism for colleges and universities to serve rural revitalization,and providing an effective path for school-local cooperation in the new era.