新世纪美国文科教育改革的概念取向与实践路径——基于希拉姆学院“新文科”(NLA)计划实施意况的案例分析

The Conceptual Orientation and Practice Approaches of American Liberal Arts Education Reform in the 21st Century——A Case Analysis Based on “New Liberal Arts” Program of Hiram College

美国希拉姆学院在2017年推出的"新文科"计划,在论证环节基于迪克森"优先性"标准,在概念中突出"现代性"与"实用性",以未来职业与现实生活的需要为导向,总体结构包含"希拉姆链接"与"技术与远游"两个主要构成项目。前者围绕着"5C"的自我反思,形塑了一套综合性跨学科集群的聚集型专业模式与"主题"分类式的核心连贯课程群,在高影响力的活动中培养实用的技能和系统设计思维;后者以信息化为手段,将科技植入学习的整体过程,强调数字能力的熟练掌握与"数字素质"的科学养成,同时通过技术手段强化实践活动,辅之以"正念"干预平衡信息的过载,最终实现身体、思想与能力的全面提升。这一文科改革计划不仅是21世纪美国文理学院文科教育改革的典范和缩影,还可以为我国当前的"新文科"建设提供借鉴意义。

The New Liberal Arts Program was launched by Hiram College in 2017, highlighting “modernity” and “practicability” in the concept based on Dixon’s “priority” standard in the demonstration process, and it is oriented by the needs of future career and real life. The overall structure includes two main components: “Hiram link” and “Technology & Travel”. The former revolves around “5 C” self-reflection, forming a set of integrated interdisciplinary cluster aggregation professional models and “topic” classification of core coherent curriculum groups, so as to cultivates practical skills and systematic design thinking in high-impact activities;the latter uses information technology as a means to implant science and technology into the overall process of learning, emphasizing the mastery of digital ability and the scientific cultivation of “digital quality”. At the same time, it strengthens practical activities through technical means, supplemented by “mindfulness” intervention to balance the overload of information, and finally realize the overall improvement of body, thought and ability. This liberal arts reform plan is not only a model and epitome of the liberal arts education reform of American colleges of arts and sciences in the 21 st century, but also can provide reference for the current construction of “new liberal arts” in China.