德国高等教育国际化的进展与动向

Progress and Trends of Germany’s Higher Education Internationalization

近十年,德国高等教育国际化取得了非凡进展。从学生流动上看,德国属于"流入型"高等教育国家,同时注重国内学生到外国学习访问;从学者流动上看,德国吸引了大批外国学者,尽管德国学者也去发展中大国短期交流,但在谋求长期职位方面,他们主要在欧美发达国家。从项目建设上看,德国的主要合作伙伴仍然是欧美发达国家,但与亚洲国家,尤其与中国的合作正不断加强。在推进国际化战略的过程中,德国积极应对"难民危机""新冠病毒"等国际挑战,展现出坚定的高等教育国际化决心;追求平等而富有质量的国际合作,将定期评估国际合作关系;重视非政府组织功能,为高等教育国际化发展提供支撑。德国高等教育国际化的进展与动向对我国高等教育国际化的开展具有诸多启示。

In the past ten years, an extraordinary progress has been made in the internationalization of Germany’s higher education. From the perspective of student flow, Germany is an “inflow type” higher education country, and it also pays attention to domestic students studying and visiting foreign countries. From the perspective of scholar flow, Germany has attracted a large number of foreign scholars. Although German scholars also go to major developing countries for short-term exchanges, In terms of seeking long-term positions, they are mainly in developed countries in Europe and America. From the perspective of project construction, Germany’s main partners are still developed countries in Europe and the United States, but cooperation with Asian countries, especially China, is continuously strengthening. In the process of advancing its internationalization strategy, Germany has actively responded to international challenges such as the “refugee crisis” and “new crown virus”, showing a firm determination to internationalize higher education;pursuing equal and high-quality international cooperation, and will regularly evaluate international cooperation relations;Pay attention to the functions of non-governmental organizations to provide support for the international development of higher education. The progress and trends of the internationalization of higher education in Germany have much enlightenment to the development of the internationalization of higher education in our country.