有机无机肥配施对小麦产量及土壤质量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Wheat Yield and Soil Quality

为研究化肥减量配施有机肥对小麦生长和土壤质量的影响,筛选适宜小麦品种新冬42号生长的有机肥和化肥配比,设置常规化肥减量25%配施有机肥(CF+M25)、常规化肥减量50%配施有机肥(CF+M50)、常规化肥减量75%配施有机肥(CF+M75)、常规化肥(CF)、空白对照(CK)等5个处理,进行田间小区试验,分析有机无机肥配施对小麦产量和土壤质量的影响。结果表明,有机氮配施比例为50%时,能促进小麦增产且有效降低化肥施用量,冬小麦达到最大产量的最佳无机氮配比理论值为21.3%;M处理与CF、CK处理呈显著性差异,比对照增加17.02%,比纯化肥增加10.68%;碱解氮含量排序为CF+M50>CF+M25>CF>M>CF+M75;CF处理有效磷积累量高于有机肥配施处理,比对照高出29.37%。与对照相比,施肥处理增加了小麦产量,改善了土壤质量,与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施可有效增加土壤有机质含量,稳定小麦产量。

In order to determine the effect of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying organic fertilizers on wheat growth and soil quality,the suitable ratio of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer for the growth of wheat variety Xindong 42 was selected.,which under an 25%reduction in conventional chemical fertilizers and combined with or⁃ganic fertilizers(CF+M25)、50%reduction of conventional fertilizers and organic fertilizer(CF+M50)、Conventional fertilizer reduction by 75%combined with organic fertilizer(CF+M75)、Conventional fertilizer(CF)、Blank control(CK)field trial of 5 treatments were applied,The effects of combined application of organic fertilizers on wheat yield and soil quality were analyzed.The results show,When the ratio of organic nitrogen is 50%,it can increase wheat yield and effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer.The theoretical value of the best inorganic nitrogen ra⁃tio when winter wheat reaches the maximum yield is 21.3%;there is a significant difference between the M treatment and the CF and CK treatments.Compared with the control,it increased by 17.02%and compared with the purified fertilizer by 10.68%;the alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content was in the order of CF+M50>CF+M25>CF>M>CF+M75;the effective phosphorus accumulation of the CF treatment was higher than that of the organic fertilizer treatment.The control was 29.37%higher.Compared with the control,the fertilization treatment increased the yield of wheat and improved the soil quality.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers,the combined ap⁃plication of organic and inorganic fertilizers could effectively increase the content of soil organic matter and stabilize the yield of wheat.