双层经营体制与中国农业现代化

Double-layer Management System and China’s Agricultural Modernization

双层经营体制是中国农业经营的基本体制,确保了粮食生产能力的现代化,这突出地表现于国有农场的农业现代化实践过程中。基于东北建三江垦区国有农场的经验研究表明,该地区历史形成的"大农场"套"小农场"的双层经营体制持续发挥作用,满足了寒地水稻大规模经营所需要的技术密集、劳动密集及资金密集等条件。其内在机制是:在土地租赁制基础上,国有农场作为利益攸关方,有义务、有动力为家庭农场提供发达的社会化服务;同时由于农业现代化程度和农业收益的密切关联特征,从事规模经营的家庭农场有自觉服从的内生动力。

The double-layer management system is the basic system of China’s agricultural management ensuring the modernization of grain production capacity, which is prominently manifested in the practice of agricultural modernization of state-owned farms. Based on the experience of the state-owned farm in Jiansanjiang Reclamation Area in Northeast China, the research shows that the double-layer management system of “big farm” and “small farm” which came into being in the history of this area continues to play a role, and meets the conditions of technology-intensive, labor-intensive and capital-intensive large-scale management of rice in cold areas. Its internal mechanism is that on the basis of land lease system, state farms, as stakeholders, have the obligation and motivation to provide developed socialized services for family farms. At the same time, due to the close relationship between the degree of agricultural modernization and agricultural income, family farms engaged in large-scale management have the endogenous power of conscious adhesion.