梨茎蜂成虫在隰县玉露香梨上的发生动态及防控

Occurrence Dynamics and Prevention and Control of Janus piri Adult on Yuluxiang Pear in Xixian County

2018—2020年以玉露香梨为材料,设置3个试验,调查梨茎蜂成虫在隰县玉露香梨上的发生动态规律和在树体空间的危害分布及与气温、降水、风向等气象因子的相关性,确定最佳防控期及防控模型。结果表明,梨茎蜂成虫发生规律为4月8日即初花期前7 d左右开始发生,4月14—24日为高峰期,4月25日结束,成虫发生树体外围新梢折断数高于内膛;成虫发生随气温变化呈倒V字型,成虫发生随降水变化从高到低依次为晴天>小雨转晴>小雨>多云,成虫发生上风向处新梢折断数高于下风向处。最佳防控期为成虫初发期至高峰期,初花期开始悬挂黄板,悬挂于树冠的外围上风向处。建立了防控模型,即每667 m^(2)悬挂黄板的数量与成虫新梢折断数的二次回归曲线方程(Y=82.176-1.022X+0.003X^(2))。

Janus piriadult occured on Yuluxiang pears in Xixian county in the mountainous area rapidly and caused serious damage.It occured during the flowering period of pear trees,which led to difficulty in prevention and control by using chemical pesticides.That usually meaned great harm to agricultural production of Yuluxiang pears.Based on that,from 2018 to 2020,three experiments were conducted with Yuluxiang pear as the material.The purpose of the research was to know the effects of regular dynamic pattern of occurrence and the damage that distribution of Janus piri adult in the tree space had on Yuluxiang pear in Xixian county,and clarify the correlation between the dynamic pattern of occurrence of Janus piri adult and some meteorological factors such as temperature,precipitation and wind direction,so as to determine the best prevention and control period as well as prevention and control mode.This study may provide technical support for the prevention and control of Janus piri adult harming Yuluxiang pear in mountainous conditions during actual agricultural production.In the early springs of 2018-2020,taking Janus piri adult in Xixian county in the mountainous area as the research object,and using Yuluxiang pear and yellow board as materials,the paper carried out three experiments to investigate the dynamic pattern of occurrence and investigate the damage of the Janus piri adult as well as the hazards of spatial distribution of Janus piri adult on the trees in different three trials.Field surveys and hanging yellow boards were used for monitoring and prevention.The data were analyzed by using SPSS software for variance,LSD,regression,and single sample statistical analysis.The occurrence and damage dynamic of Janus piri adult under the mountainous mode conditions were clarified.The result showed that the damage that Janus piri adult had on different varieties of pear tree shoots was significantly different,among which the damage to Yuluxiang pear was much more serious.In Xixian county,Janus piri adult started to occur since April 8;,which was about one week before the first flowering.The peak period was from April 14;to 24;,among which 124 adults were trapped at the maximum 3 points on April 18;.It basically ended on April 25;.The number of broken new shoots caused by Janus piri at the periphery of the tree was higher than that of the inside.The relationship between Janus piri adult and meteorological factors became clear.The relationship between the dynamic occurrence of Janus piri adult and the change of daily average temperature change could de described by an inverted V-shaped pattern.The first Janus piri adult was attracted by the daily average temperature of 10.7℃.Janus piri adult activity came to the peak when the daily average temperature reached 14.3℃,and 20 insects were attracted.When the average daily temperature reached 21.9℃,Janus piri adult activity went to the maximum,with 129 insects attracted.As time went by,Janus piri adult activity gradually weakened until the end,and the occurrence of Janus piri adult dynamic changed from high to low as the precipitation changed,which might be shown as being sunny>light rain turning to sunny>light rain>being cloudy.The average number of Janus piri adult per day is 62.5 in sunny days,22 in light rain turning to sunny days,19.4 in light rain days,and17.6 in cloudy days.The relationship between it and the change of wind direction was significantly different,and the occurrence was heavier in the upwind direction.The average and total proportions of Janus piri adult and broken new shoots in the northwest direction were 30%,33%,34%and 31%,respectively,higher than those in the southeast direction which were 17%,20%,16%and 19%,respectively.This study analyzed the characteristics of the combination of the biological occurrence law of Janus piri adult dynamic and the meteorological data in the mountainous environment,and whether there is a correlation between the two.Furthermore,the best control period for the Janus piri adult was determined,that is,the best prevention and control period shall begin from the initial stage and end at the peak period of Janus piri adult.The prevention and control method of Janus piri adult shall be as long as possible.The time of hanging the yellow boards started from the initial flowering stage,and the yellow boards were hung at the peripheral upwind direction of the canopy in the study,which had led to the finding that the control effect was better when 45-60 sheets were hung per 667 m^(2).To establish a prevention and control mode,the equation of the quadratic regression curve between the number of hung yellow boards per 667 m^(2)and the number of broken new shoots of the Janus piri adult is determined as Y=82.176-1.022X+0.003X^(2).In the study,it was found that Janus piri adult began to occur about 7 d before the initial flowering period,whose relevant reports were none in the previous references.It is speculated whether there are multiple classifications of the Janus piri in the local area.Further research on the classification of the Janus piri is needed for providing a more accurate basis for the actual agricultural production.