基于多岛遗传算法的环形薄壁铝合金零件铣削参数优化

Optimization of milling parameters of annular thin-walled aluminum alloy parts based on multi-island genetic algorithm

在对环形薄壁铝合金零件进行铣削加工过程时,薄壁铝合金零件局部区域存在变形量大的问题,为此,提出了一种采用多岛遗传算法对薄壁零件铣削参数进行优化的方法。采用有限元分析软件,对该区域进行了三维铣削仿真,获取了铣削力参数;基于Isight平台,以铣削力为优化目标,以主轴转速、径向切深、轴向切深3个铣削参数作为优化变量,采用最优拉丁超立方试验方法设计了样本点;采用响应面近似模型方法拟合了近似模型,通过多岛遗传算法对近似模型进行了优化。研究结果表明:采用响应面近似模型能够准确地拟合出铣削参数与铣削力之间的函数关系,结合多岛遗传算法优化,可使加工过程中的铣削力降低38.2%,可有效减小薄壁件半精加工阶段的铣削力,明显减小环形薄壁铝合金零件的变形量;该结果验证了采用多岛遗传算法对铣削参数进行优化的可行性。

Aiming at the problem of large deformation in the local area of annular thin-walled aluminum alloy parts,a multi-island genetic algorithm was proposed to optimize the milling parameters of thin-walled parts.Through the finite element analysis software,a three-dimensional milling simulation was performed on this area to obtain the milling force.Based on the Isight platform,the milling force was taken as the optimization target,and the three milling parameters of spindle speed,radial depth of cut and axial depth of cut were used as the optimization parameters.The optimal Latin hypercube test method was used to design the sample points,the response surface approximate model method was used to fit the approximate model,and the approximate model was optimized by the multi-island genetic algorithm.The research results show that the response surface approximation model accurately fits the functional relationship between the milling parameters and the milling force,and combining with the optimization of the multi-island genetic algorithm,the milling force is reduced by 38.2%,which effectively reduces the milling force in the semi-finishing stage.The deformation of the annular thin-walled aluminum alloy parts is significantly reduced,which verifies the feasibility of the multi-island genetic algorithm for optimizing the milling parameters.