薄壳山核桃嫁接苗快速繁育主要影响因素研究

Study on Main Factors Affecting Rapid Propagation of Grafting Seedlings of Carya illinoensis

为缩短薄壳山核桃育苗周期、降低生产成本、提高生产效率,对育苗时间、育苗方式、种子选择、生长调节剂处理、环境温度、基质含水量等影响苗木生长发育的因素进行试验研究。结果表明:选用大果型品种的种子,秋季在设施条件下采用全营养素轻基质容器育苗,砧木苗须根发达,生长快;苗高10 cm后喷施600 mg/kg GA_(3)2次,间隔10~20 d,可有效促进砧木苗的干径生长;嫁接时,砧木苗地径以7~10 mm较为适宜;嫁接后,白天气温控制在25~30℃时成活率最高,可达到52.43%;嫁接后基质含水量宜控制在15%~30%,过高或过低都不利于嫁接口愈合。试验将育苗时间、育苗方式、轻基质容器育苗、激素调控、嫁接技术与设施栽培有效组合,形成一套完整的技术体系,实现薄壳山核桃嫁接苗的快速繁育,使育苗周期从2~3年缩短到8~9个月。

In order to shorten the seedling raising period of Carya illinoensis,reduce production cost and improve production efficiency,the factors affecting seedling growth and development,such as seedling raising time,seedling raising mode,seed selection,growth regulator treatment,environmental temperature and substrate water content,were studied.The results showed that when the seeds of large fruit varieties were selected and the seedlings were raised in full nutrient light substrate container under facility conditions in autumn,the rootstock seedlings had developed fibrous roots and grew fast.Spraying 600 mg/kg GA_(3) twice after the seedling height of 10 cm,with an interval of 10-20 d,could effectively promote the stem diameter growth of rootstock seedlings.When the ground diameter of rootstock seedlings was 7-10 mm,it was more suitable for grafting.After grafting,the survival rate was the highest when the daytime temperature was controlled at 25-30℃,which could reach 52.43%.After grafting,the substrate water content should be controlled between 15%-30%,too high or too low was not conducive to the healing of grafting interface.The experiment effectively combined the seedling raising time,seedling raising mode,light substrate container seedling raising,hormone regulation,grafting technology and facility cultivation to form a complete technical system,realized the rapid breeding of Carya illinoensis grafted seedlings,and shortened the seedling raising period from 2-3 years to 8-9 months.