方位布局原理视角下古村落人居营建研究——以张家塔村为例

Study on the Construction of Human Settlements in the Ancient Village from the Perspective of Orientation Layout Principle--A Case of Zhangjiata Village

《周易·系辞》有言:"仰以观于天文,俯以察于地理。"古人在选址时,通常会考虑生存安全、生存发展、地形地貌等因素,这些都与方位布局观念有关。文章以山西省历史文化名村张家塔为例,深入探究始祖赵山特有的方位布局原理营建理念,分析张家塔百年建筑的特征,对张家塔36院群体民宅的选址特点、布局成因等进行分析总结,归纳张家塔聚落空间与生态环境和谐共生的营建智慧,对当今人居建设提供一定的借鉴意义。张家塔村的发展不仅反映了地区家族文化的兴衰史,也体现了清代不同时期方山地区古村落建筑的风格和演变过程,是一处极具研究价值与借鉴意义的传统村落。

Zhouyi·Xici says that"looking up to observe the literary talents of the sun,moon and stars in the sky,and looking down to observe the flora and fauna of the earth,so I know the truth about day and night,and light and dark."When the ancients chose a location,they usually consider survival safety,survival and development,topography,etc.,which are all related to the orientation layout.Taking Zhangjiata,a famous historical and cultural village in Shanxi,as an example,the paper deeply explores the construction concept of the original ancestor Zhaoshans’unique location and layout principles,analyzes the century-old architectural characteristics of Zhangjiata,and summarizes the location characteristics and layout reasons of 36 houses of Zhangjiata.The paper analyzes and summarizes the wisdom of building a harmonious coexistence between the settlement space of Zhangjiata and the ecological environment,and provides some reference for the construction of human settlements today.The development of Zhangjiata Village not only reflects the history of the rise and fall of the local family culture,but also reflects the style and evolution of the ancient village architecture in Fangshan area in different periods of the Qing Dynasty.It is a traditional village with great research value and reference significance.