柘荣县太子参种参块根病虫害的发生率调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Incidence of Diseases and Insect Pests in the Root Tubers of Cultivated Pseudostellaria Heterophylla at Zherong County

针对太子参种参块根病虫害发生严重的问题,收集了福建省柘荣县8个乡镇的47份种参块根样品,调查了病虫害发生率以及重要病害的发生情况。结果表明:柘荣县太子参种参块根病害发生率DI<5%和DI≥25%的样品数均为6份,5%≤DI<20%的样品有35份;虫害发生率较病害发生率略低,虫害发生率IPI<5%的样品数为18份。不同乡镇采集的样品其病害发生率为10.41%~22.17%,虫害发生率为4.76%~15.68%。在种参块根上发现有多种病害,其中根腐病和紫纹羽病发生较为严重;根腐病在8个乡镇的样品中均有发现,紫纹羽病则存在于3个乡镇的样品中。建议种植户对病虫害发生率大于5%的种参块根进行筛选,剔除有病害和虫害症状的块根,从源头上控制种参块根质量,防止带菌传播或播种后病原菌通过虫害伤口传播。

In order to solve the problem of diseases and insect pests occurred seriously in the root tubers of cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla,47 samples of the root tubers of cultivated P.heterophylla were collected from 8 townships at Zherong County,Fujian Province.The results showed that the number of samples with the disease incidence(DI)<5%or DI≥25%were both 6,and the number of samples with 5%≤DI<20%was 35.The incidence of insect pests was slightly lower than that of diseases,and the number of samples with the insect pest incidence(IPI)of less than 5%was 18.The incidence of diseases and insect pests in the samples collected from different towns was 10.41%-22.17%and 4.76%-15.68%,respectively.Many kinds of diseases were found on the root tubers of cultivated P.heterophylla,among which Fusarium root rot and violet root rot were more serious.Fusarium root rot was found in the samples from 8 townships,while the violet root rot was found in the samples from 3 townships.It was suggested that the growers should screen the root tubers with the incidence of diseases and insect pests greater than 5%,and eliminate the root tubers with the symptoms of diseases and insect pests,thus to control the quality of root tubers of cultivated P.heterophylla from the source,and prevent the spread of pathogens or the spread of pathogens through insect pest wounds after sowing.