不同性能改良剂对烟田土壤生物学特性和烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Different Performance Modifiers on Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality in Tobacco Fields

为探究不同性能改良剂对豫南烟区连作植烟土壤的改良效果,采用田间对比试验,分析了聚谷氨酸、有机碳肥、海藻有机肥、绿色木霉4种土壤改良剂对土壤肥力特性、土壤微生物区系、烟株生长状况及烤后烟产量产值的影响。结果表明,施用不同性能改良剂可明显改善连作植烟土壤品质,调节植烟土壤pH至适宜水平,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量上升;土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量随生育期推进先增加后降低,均于旺长期达到峰值。与CK处理相比,T2处理的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量整个生育期平均值分别提高31.78%、32.25%、30.83%;不同性能土壤改良剂的材料来源及成分不同,改良效果也存在差异,其中T2处理较CK处理产量提升12.56%,产值增加16.43%,中上等烟比例提升20.99%,显著优于T1、T3、T4。综上,施用有机碳肥能有效改善烟田土壤生物学特性,促进植株生长,显著提高烟叶产质量。

In order to explore the improvement effects of different performance modifiers on the continuous cropping tobacco soil in southern Henan,a field comparative experiment was used to analyze effect of the four soil modifiers of polyglutamic acid,organic carbon fertilizer,seaweed organic fertilizer,and green Trichoderma on soil fertility characteristics,soil microbial flora,tobacco plant growth status,and flue-cured tobacco yield and output value.The results showed that the application of different performance modifiers could significantly improve the quality of continuous tobacco planting soil,adjust the soil pH for tobacco planting to an appropriate level,and alkalinize the soil.The content of available phosphorus and available potassium increased;the number of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes first increased and then decreased with the growth period,and reached their peak in the prosperous period.Compared with CK treatment,the average number of the bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes of T2 treatment throughout the growth period increased by 31.78%,32.25%,and 30.83%respectively;the material sources and ingredients of soil amendments with different properties were different,and the improvement effects were also different.Among them,the yield of T2 treatment was 12.56%higher than that of CK treatment,and the output value was increased by 16.43%.The proportion of upper and middle class cigarettes increased by 20.99%,significantly better than T1,T3,and T4.In summary,the application of organic carbon fertilizer can effectively improve the biological characteristics of tobacco soil,promote plant growth,and significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves.