天下主义与和谐说的内在关联

An Intrinsic Link Between Ecumenism and Harmonism

公元前200年的白登之围,见证了汉朝与匈奴由战争转向和平的重要际遇。在此之后的70余年里,汉匈关系相对"和洽",各得其所,促进了双边的社会政治与经济民生发展。历史学家汤因比从宏观历史角度对此事件评价甚高,认为是人类历史上首次践行天下观的成功范例,继而提出解决世界问题的天下主义学说。汤因比将天下主义归因于"同情感",也就是孟子所言的"恻隐之心"。从历史现实情况和中国传统思想角度来看,当时汉匈两国之间的天下主义模式是不平衡的,天下主义背后的根本动因也不是"同情感",而是基于儒家贵和意识的和谐说。

Baideng Siege in 200 B.C.witnessed an important turning from war to peace between China and the Huns.The two nations were led to a relatively peaceful relationship in a span of over seven decades thereafter,which conduced to a bilateral development in the domains of social politics,national economy,and people’s livelihood,among others.Arnold Toynbee as a renowned historian gives much credits to this event from a macro-historical viewpoint,considering it to be the first exemplary success of implementing the notion of all under heaven in human history,and proceeding to propose the doctrine of ecumenism as an alternative to world problems at present.Toynbee attributes the primary cause of ecumenism to"a sense of compassion"that is corresponding to"the feeling of commiseration"claimed by Mencius.Rethinking it from the perspective of Chinese historical reality and intellectual heritage during the period given,it is proposed in this paper that the past Sino-Huns interrelationship proves to be in an imbalanced mode of ecumenism,and what matters behind ecumenism is not"a sense of compassion"but harmonism based on the Confucian harmony-consciousness.