个人信息保护视阈下删除权与被遗忘权之思辨

Analysis on Deletion Right and To-Be-Forgotten Right from the Perspective of Personal Information Protection

当今数字信息时代,个人信息易于受侵害。2021年制定并施行的《个人信息保护法》具有十分重要的意义。该法第47条在制度层面引入了删除权,为解决大数据时代数字记忆与个人信息之间的冲突提供了重要路径。在该法制定过程中,有关学者研究过与删除权密切相关的被遗忘权,并且就被遗忘权与删除权的关系进行过讨论,概括为相同说、相异说、包含说和竞合说。然而,已有研究成果表明,被遗忘权的价值特征可以弥补删除权之不足。我国在《个人信息保护法》的完善过程中应当以"相异说"为基础,明确删除权与被遗忘权之间的边界,待删除权实施平稳后,引入有限度的被遗忘权,以此实现删除权与被遗忘权的并存共生,为强化个人信息保护提供有力支撑。

In today’s digital information age,personal information is easy to be infringed.Personal Information Protection Law,formulated and implemented in 2021,is of great significance.Article 47 of the Law introduces the deletion right at the institutional level,which provides an important solution to the conflict between digital memory and personal information in the era of big data.In addition,the to-be-forgotten right,closely related to the deletion right,has been studied by scholars during the formulation of the Law.On the discussion of the relationship between the to-be-forgotten right and the deletion right,four theories have been summarized as sameness theory,difference theory,inclusion theory and concurrence theory.However,it has been proved by researches that the value characteristics of the to-be-forgotten right can make up for the deficiency of the deletion right.In the process of perfecting Personal Information Protection Law,China should take the"difference theory"as the basis,clarify the boundary between the deletion right and the to-be-forgotten right,and introduce the to-be-forgotten right in a limited manner after the smooth implementation of the deletion right,so as to realize the coexistence of the deletion right and the to-be-forgotten right,and thus providing a strong support for strengthening the personal information protection.