农村空巢老人互助养老需求及发展策略——以安仁县为例

Mutual Care Pension and Development Strategies for Empty Nest Old People in Rural Area:Take Anren County as an Example

在人口老龄化程度城乡倒置的当下,农村空巢老人越来越多。安土重迁的文化因素、未富先老的经济因素、人口流动的社会因素和计划生育的制度因素使得在贫困县农村发展互助养老具有非常重要的现实意义。以湖南省安仁县农村空巢老人为研究对象,通过调查和访谈,发现农村空巢老人对互助养老需求较低,空巢老人对互助养老服务有具体期待:养老服务主体多元化、互助养老服务内容多样化、互助养老服务持久化。针对空巢老人的互助养老需求,提出三条在农村发展互助养老策略:一是政府主导,加大互助养老的宣传力度,出台相关制度,加大财政投入;二是构建多元立体的互助养老网,实现多元主体的互动、融合,形成多元化的服务主体;三是拓展互助化养老服务内容,全方位关注空巢老人的需求。

At present,the degree of the aging population is inverted between urban and rural areas,and there are more and more empty nesters(the aged people)in China rural areas.The cultural factors of land relocation,the economic factors of getting old before getting rich,the social factors of population mobility and the institutional factors of family planning make it of great practical significance to develop mutual support for the aged in rural areas of poor counties.Taking the rural empty nesters in Anren County,Hunan Province as the research object,through investigation and interview,it is found that the rural empty nesters have low demand for mutual care for the elderly,and what's more,they have specific expectations for mutual care for the elderly.Specific expectations include the diversification of the main body of the mutual assistance,the diversification of the content of the mutual assistance,and the persistence of the mutual assistance for the aged.In view of the mutual care needs of empty nesters,this paper puts forward three strategies for developing mutual care in rural areas:first,the government should strengthen the publicity of mutual care for the elderly,introduce relevant systems and increase financial input;Second,to build a multi-dimensional network of mutual assistance for the elderly,to achieve the interaction and integration of multiple subjects,forming a diversified service subjects;Third,expand diversified mutual-aid elderly care services and pay full attention to the needs of empty nesters.