郴州地区汉语方言多元接触的特点

The Characteristics of Multi Contact of Chinese Dialects in Chenzhou

郴州地区西南官话、赣语、湘语、客家话和湘南土话等多种方言并存,呈现犬牙交错分布的复杂状态。不同属性的方言,有的通行较大面积地理范围,有的则散落各处形成远离源方言中心区的方言岛,某些地方同一语言集团内部并用双方言,形成了纷繁多姿的接触局面。郴州地区的汉语方言接触可分为地缘接触引发的方言接触,双方言区内的方言接触以及综合性方言接触三类。在宏观层面,郴州地区汉语方言中西南官话虽为最强势方言,但在一定程度上仍受其他方言影响;客、赣语与其源方言存在较大差异;接触演变的特点以渐变性和不平衡性最为突出。在微观层面,郴州地区汉语方言具有词汇接触的情况复杂;鼻音韵尾和鼻化元音的演化类型丰富;经济原则广泛存在等特点。

Many dialects of Southwest Mandarin,Gan,Xiang,Hakka and southern Hunan dialect coexist in Chenzhou,showing a complex state of staggered distribution.Some dialects with different attributes pass through a large geographical area,while others are scattered everywhere,forming dialect islands far away from the central area of the source dialect.In some places,dual dialects are used within the same language group,forming a complex contact situation.The Chinese dialect contact in Chenzhou area can be divided into three categories:dialect contact caused by geographical contact,dialect contact in dual dialect area and comprehensive dialect contact.At the macro level,the Chinese dialects in Chenzhou area show that although southwest mandarin is the most powerful dialect,it is still affected by other dialects to a certain extent;There are great differences between Hakka and Gan dialects and their source dialects;The contact evolution is characterized by gradual change and imbalance.At the micro level,the situation of vocabulary contact of Chinese dialects in Chenzhou area is complex;There are abundant evolutionary types of nasal finals and nasalized vowels;Economic principles exist widely.