嘉兴市南湖区3周岁学龄前儿童屈光状态筛查及相关因素分析

Refractive status screening and related factors analysis of 3-year-old preschool children in Nanhu District of Jiaxing City

目的了解嘉兴市南湖区3周岁学龄前儿童的屈光不正的患病率及分析其相关危险因素。方法采用美国伟伦公司的Suresight手持式筛查仪对2019年7—9月在我院行入幼体检的5609名3周岁儿童,进行双眼屈光状态检查。通过采用自行设计的调查表,从性别、出生方式、出生体重、有无早产,是否存在屈光异常家族史及用眼情况等方面进行相关因素分析。结果3周岁学龄前儿童屈光不正率为10.2%,其中其中远视39.12%(205/524)、散光58.77%(308/524)、近视2.10%(11/524),散光为3周岁年龄段儿童主要的屈光异常类型。屈光不正单因素分析3周岁学龄前儿童屈光不正患病率与父母有吸烟史、早产、低体质量新生儿、每天户外活动<2 h,平均使用电子产品时间>2 h/D有关(P<0.05)。将以上因素纳入非条件Logistic回归模型,结果显示,父母有吸烟史、早产、低体质量儿、户外活动时间≤2 h/d、平均电子产品使用时间≥2 h/d是3周岁学龄前儿童屈光异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论嘉兴市南湖区3周岁学龄前儿童的主要屈光不正类型为散光。父母有吸烟史、早产、低体质量儿童、户外活动时间少、长时间近距离用眼是儿童屈光异常的独立危险因素。

Objective To understand the prevalence of refractive errors in 3-year-old preschool children in Nanhu District of Jiaxing City and analyze its related risk factors.Methods The Suresight hand-held screener from Weilun Company of the United States was used to examine the refractive status of 56093-year-old children who underwent larval physical examination in our hospital from July to September 2019.Through the use of self-designed questionnaires,relevant factors were analyzed in terms of gender,birth method,birth weight,premature birth,family history of refractive abnormalities,and eye use.Results The refractive error rate of 3-year-old preschool children was 10.2%.Among them,hyperopia 39.12%(205/524),astigmatism 58.77%(308/524),myopia 2.10%(11/524),astigmatism were the main types of refractive abnormality in children at the age of 3 years.Single-factor analysis of refractive error showed that the prevalence of refractive error in 3-year-old preschool children was related to parents'smoking history,premature birth,low-weight newborns,daily outdoor activities<2 h,and average use of electronic products>2 h/D(P<0.05).The above factors were incorporated into the unconditional logistic regression model,and the results showed that parents with a history of smoking,premature birth,low-weight infants,outdoor activity time≤2 h/d,average electronic product use time≥2 h/d were the risk factors for 3-year-old preschool children with refractive error(P<0.05).Conclusion The main type of refractive error in 3-year-old preschool children in Nanhu District of Jiaxing City is astigmatism.Parents with a history of smoking,premature birth,low-weight children,less time outdoors,and long-term use of eyes at close range are independent risk factors for children's refractive abnormalities.