季铵盐在油田化学品中的研究进展

Research progress of quaternary ammonium salts used in oil field

介绍了季铵盐分子的特性(安全低毒、性能稳定、水溶性强)以及合成工艺,综述了季铵盐分子近年来在缓蚀剂、杀菌剂、页岩抑制剂以及有机改性剂方面的研究进展,以及作用机理。对于同一类处理剂的优缺点,季铵盐分子易生物降解、作用效果强使其使其广泛地应用于油田化学品中并符合钻井、完井、采油环保以及抗高温要求。结合上述四种油田化学处理剂的作用特点展望了其今后的发展趋势。

The characteristics(safety and low toxicity,stable performance,strong water solubility)and synthesis process of quaternary ammonium salt molecule were introduced.The research progress of quaternary ammonium salt molecule in corrosion inhibitor,fungicide,shale inhibitor and organic modifier in recent years,as well as the mechanism of action were reviewed.For the advantages and disadvantages of the same kind of treatment agent,quaternary ammonium salt molecule was easy to biodegrade and its effect made it widely used in oil field chemicals and meets the requirements of environmental protection and high temperature resistance in drilling,well completion and oil recovery.Combined with the function characteristics of four oil field chemical treatment agents mentioned above,the development trend of them in the future was prospected.